| ▲ | refurb 7 days ago |
| Yikes, quite the scathing article and example of a the politicization of science. “Trust the science” has always bothered me for two reasons: 1) science is frequently not black and white and anyone who has done hard science research knows there are plenty of competing opinions among scientists and 2) while scientific facts are facts, we still need to decide on how to act on those facts and that decision making process is most certainly political and subjective in nature. |
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| ▲ | rayiner 7 days ago | parent | next [-] |
| The second point is critical. Relevant testimony from the former head of the NIH during the pandemic, Francis Collins: https://www.bladenjournal.com/opinion/72679/confession-of-a-... > “If you’re a public-health person and you’re trying to make a decision, you have this very narrow view of what the right decision is.” “So you attach infinite value to stopping the disease and saving a life. You attach zero value to whether this actually totally disrupts people’s lives, ruins the economy, and has many kids kept out of school in a way that they never quite recover from.” |
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| ▲ | dekhn 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | I'm pretty happy Collins came to that conclusion and learned from it. I don't expect public health officials to have a utilitarian function that maximizes global health considering second order effects. This should have been stated more clearly at the beginning of the epidemic. | | |
| ▲ | Levitz 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | >I don't expect public health officials to have a utilitarian function that maximizes global health considering second order effects. Why not? It sounds to me that is the ideal scenario. If I go to the doctor I want them to maximize for health, it's up to me to make health concessions In the same way, we have an entire political class who should be able to look at the health of the population and gauge which measures are worth taking and which aren't, no? | | |
| ▲ | dekhn 7 days ago | parent [-] | | Ideally, i guess, in some mental models, we'd love to have some sort of super powerful system that can compute a global utility function that considers second (and third, etc) order effects accurately enough to plan out actions that maximize the global utility (without violating ethical norms) until we are immortal and have unlimited energy resources and ability to manipulate matter. In practice, we instead have centers that focus on first-order effects and who advocate for their position (from an authority based on scientific knowledge, and preparation for emergencies) which are then evaluated and mixed with other centers by political leaders to incorporate the best attempt at considering second and further effects. Everybody has a different utilitarian model and we don't have enough data or algorithms to predict second or third order effects (we usually fall back on "wisdom" from prior experience). |
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| ▲ | gotoeleven 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Some people were saying we should consider second order effects from the very beginning. I believe the term used for these people was "grandma killers." | | |
| ▲ | immibis 5 days ago | parent [-] | | Those were the same people causing the second order effects. And the second order effects they caused killed my grandma. So I don't see the problem with referring to them as such. |
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| ▲ | lmm 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | While I agree with the fundamental point, I find that a kind of ironic choice of examples. I wonder what kind of person attaches so much value to keeping kids in school whether it's good for them or not. | | |
| ▲ | rayiner 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | It was well established before COVID that missing in-school days has a major adverse effect on learning. Keeping kids out of school had exactly the predicted effect—reading and math scores fell significantly: https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/news/24/01/despite-progres.... We also knew early on that COVID posed little risk to kids themselves. So it was entirely rational for parents, especially of young children, to value keeping those kids in school over the negligible health risks (to the kids) of COVID exposure. | | |
| ▲ | jhedwards 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | The point (as I understand it) was not to protect the kids themselves from covid, but that kids are active vectors of illness: they get sick easily and rapidly spread it to everyone around them. Sending kids to school during a pandemic is basically asking to fast-track that sickness to everyone in the community. | | |
| ▲ | willy_k 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | That’s why you focus resources on protecting those who you don’t want kids to spread it to, the sick and the elderly, a la the suppressed Great Barrington Declaration. | | |
| ▲ | anigbrowl 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | It wasn't 'suppressed'; it was announced to wide acclaim, others took issue with its premises, and there were significantly more of the latter than the former. There was considerable skepticism of the sponsorship of the libtertarian AEIR, and the fact that hundreds of thousands of people had already died in the US by the time of its publication probably had a lot to do with its lack of popularity. | |
| ▲ | immibis 5 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Or uh, we could stop the virus in its tracks and go back to normal? This was the New Zealand plan, and it worked. |
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| ▲ | nradov 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | There was never any scientific basis for that belief. It was just made up without conducting experiments. And if fact we saw that some countries like Sweden kept primary schools open throughout the pandemic (without mask mandates) and it was fine. | | |
| ▲ | gamerdonkey 7 days ago | parent [-] | | > There was never any scientific basis for that belief. This is an incorrect statement that can be fixed with minutes of research. https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.0610941104
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00916... One might argue about the quality of the research or point out contradicting studies, but saying there was zero basis is flat-out false. Adding that the idea was "made up" is a great example of bending the idea of science to prop up a point. | | |
| ▲ | mike_hearn 7 days ago | parent [-] | | COVID is not the Spanish Flu or asthma. Rayiner's point was about SARS-CoV-2 and he is correct. You can read papers published in 2020 to see. | | |
| ▲ | willy_k 6 days ago | parent [-] | | And COVID and the Spanish Flu essentially targeted opposite populations, the former being dangerous to those with compromised immune function while the latter turned strong immune systems against the body in a “cytokine storm”. |
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| ▲ | lmm 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Fewer days in school reducing test scores is very much expected. Going from that to claiming an adverse effect on learning, much less an overall harm, is quite a leap. | | |
| ▲ | rayiner 7 days ago | parent [-] | | Test scores accurately measure learning. That’s one of the most robustly supported facts in all of education, and something virtually nobody in Asia or Europe disagrees with. | | |
| ▲ | stefan_ 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Which is why reorganizing all school systems around teaching the standardized test and judging teachers by these results has been such an overwhelming success that "virtually nobody [..] disagrees with". | | |
| ▲ | umanwizard 7 days ago | parent [-] | | The US has probably the least test-focused education system in the developed world (you don’t need to take any exam to graduate high school except in some cases an extremely easy one as a formality). Would you claim the US education system is better than the UK, France or Germany? | | |
| ▲ | mrguyorama 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | There is no "US" education system in reality. There is a "Maine" education system, and a "Colorado" education system, and a "Florida" education system. They have wildly different rules, designs, systems, and results. | |
| ▲ | MisterTea 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | > The US has probably the least test-focused education system in the developed world And there I was, in American schools being told test scores were 80% of my grade with homework accounting for 10% and class projects another 10%. Both high school and university. Fucking liars. | | |
| ▲ | umanwizard 5 days ago | parent [-] | | Presumably random exams made up by your teachers, not nationwide or statewide standardized tests, though. |
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| ▲ | lmm 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | The fact that we even have year-by-year, grade-by-grade test figures for the US implies it's significantly more test-focused than the UK, where those tests simply don't exist for most grades. | | |
| ▲ | willy_k 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Are you talking about finals or standardized tests? Because from my experience at least, the latter has minimal impact on the track that kids follow (could put on you advanced math or reading track but there is opportunity for mobility regardless) and only the SAT/ACT (highest score of however many times on chooses to take them) is used to determine where someone can go to college. But test scores (even MCAT/LSAT) will never determine what someone can study, just where, which is not the case in the UK per my understanding. | |
| ▲ | umanwizard 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Whether you get any qualification at all in the UK is entirely determined by high-stakes standardized tests, at least on the main academic track (GCSE and A levels) | | |
| ▲ | lmm 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Sure. But students have very little influence on the system. How test-focused a schooling system is isn't going to depend on how much test results affect the students, it's going to depend on how much test results affect the teachers and especially the administrators. |
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| ▲ | davorak 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | > Test scores accurately measure learning. I think you claim to much here. Or are using odd definitions, to me at least. Sure you can extract something about what has been learned with properly made tests administered correctly. It is the tool that is used because it is the tool we have, not because it 'measures learning' in all the ways we want to measure. |
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| ▲ | Elinvynia 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | I'm sure the brain damage that COVID still causes (there are 3x more cases this year than in 2020, fun fact) is more of a danger to kids than staying home. |
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| ▲ | readthenotes1 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Or masking kids when it's actively harmful to them? | |
| ▲ | cpursley 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | I think most reasonable and quite frankly, honest, people understood now and then, that taking the kids out of school would fuck them up pretty bad. When the actual science was suggesting we take care of the medically vulnerable and elderly. But hey, there’s an election to win! | | |
| ▲ | tzs 7 days ago | parent [-] | | Who do you think closed schools in order to try to get an electoral advantage? |
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| ▲ | kenjackson 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | I don't think anyone attached zero value to everything else. The legit question is how do you weigh all of the factors. How do you weigh making things slightly worse for a bunch of people and way worse for some, etc... It reminds me of a comedian snippet I saw recently who was asking the crowd... "Has life gotten back to how it was before Covid", and one person in the audience yells out, "No"... and the comedian says, "OK, tell me one thing you had before Covid that you don't have now"? And the person says, "My family". The comedian goes -- "Oh yeah, I guess that was the point of it all wasn't it..." | |
| ▲ | Eextra953 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | I am taking a graduate level public health course and this trade off is literally covered in the first lecture its something they call prevention paradox. It's surprising to see that the head of the NIH would say something like this when it's literally part of the curriculum for public health. I'm so tired of political opinions masqueraded as we know better than the experts or we know better than the scientist. | | |
| ▲ | slices 7 days ago | parent [-] | | how many public health officials acted with awareness of the prevention paradox during covid? |
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| ▲ | TheBigSalad 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| I don't think people who say "Trust the science" are saying that science has it all figured out. It's telling people that they should weigh scientific data into their thought process. In reality many people make all of their decisions based on emotions and "feels". |
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| ▲ | lowkeyoptimist 6 days ago | parent [-] | | "Trust the science" really came into its full form during the pandemic and was a veiled line in appealing to authority. The CDC, Dr. Fauci, NIH, or any governing body issuing mandates during the pandemic would tell you to trust the science, when in reality they just didn't want people to question their decisions. As it turns out, some of the people questioning school closures or masks were correct! Questioning vaccine safety for young men was and is correct, as long as there were not comorbidities. The people or institutions that were yelling "trust the science" the loudest were indeed saying that they had it all figured out and that anyone that questioned them was wrong. "Trust the science" became a campaign slogan during the pandemic, and fell into the same realm as "defund the police" or "trust all women". So yes, "trust the science" does mean what you said that it is a process that should take data new and old into account. However, the sad thing is it was co-opted by people who used it as a cudgel to silence anyone that didn't toe the line. | | |
| ▲ | immibis 5 days ago | parent [-] | | I and everyone around me questioned their statements and came to the conclusion they were in fact true. That is what "trust the science" means. It does not mean "do whatever I say" - it means "I am right and you can verify that, so you should probably take what I'm saying into consideration lest we all suffer." The right wing somehow took "science" to mean "Anthony Fauci"... |
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| ▲ | tekla 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| Anyone who unironically says “Trust the science” automatically tells me that they are probably not an informed person. I trust that most research is done in good faith and at least some of it is useful. Saying 'Trust the science' might as well be saying 'Trust in God' |
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| ▲ | ryanjshaw 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | The other issue is that science has nothing to say about livelihoods and personal freedom - there's no "Lockdown Science". Those were political decisions, ie. opinions disguised as science to shutdown dissent. | |
| ▲ | thaiaiabdidn 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | > Saying 'Trust the science' might as well be saying 'Trust in God' In the past, many cultures had priests doing most of the science as well. Ultimately it all boils down to trust. The common man doesn’t have time nor intellect to evaluate “the science”. When scientists display obvious bias, they lose trust, since they claim to be impartial. It’d be better if they didn’t claim to be impartial. | | |
| ▲ | nradov 7 days ago | parent [-] | | It's better that scientists be clear about context when communicating. There's nothing wrong with a single person being both a scientist and a political advocate. But they ought to be clear which hat they're wearing at any given time. Science is a process that can never give definitive guidance on public policy. |
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| ▲ | davorak 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | > I trust that most research is done in good faith and at least some of it is useful. Saying 'Trust the science' might as well be saying 'Trust in God' Hopefully this is hyperbole. Any faith I have is separate from, for example, if I cancer, I am going to trust the science on the next steps of treatment. | | |
| ▲ | exoverito 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Medicine is extremely complex and medical errors are the 4th leading cause of death in the US. The science on the next steps of treatment is often incomplete, variable, and dependent on the practitioners' experience. You shouldn't simply trust your doctor, but instead get a second opinion at minimum, and probably a third and fourth if you're able. It's best to triangulate on the problem, searching out varying perspectives from subject matter experts, listening to how they disagree, in order to better understand reality. | | |
| ▲ | davorak 7 days ago | parent [-] | | I would describe what you said here as a procedure for how to gather and apply the science/knowledge you are going to use for your treatment. So trusting the science, just more details on how to go about doing that. > Medicine is extremely complex and medical errors are the 4th leading cause of death in the US. Do you have the source for this? I have never seen it on the list of leading causes of death. For example: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db492-tables.pdf#4 | | |
| ▲ | nradov 7 days ago | parent [-] | | Preventable medical errors are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This was well documented in the Institute of Medicine report "To Err Is Human" in 2000. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9728/to-err-is-hum... Since then there have been positive system changes in terms of things like quantitative care quality measures and use of checklists. But it's still a huge problem. Whether it's the 4th leading cause of death is unclear, it depends on how you analyze the data and what assumptions you make. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0738 | | |
| ▲ | davorak 7 days ago | parent [-] | | Still reading digging in. In particular one reference in the second link[1] Still not clear to me how they are generating the numbers for putting it at 3rd or 4th. I might have to read the paper rather than listen the author interview in my link above. That said 98,000 dead from medical error in 2000, from the first link, would put it at 9th in the list that I linked: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db492-tables.pdf#4 from 2020. So even with that lower estimate it would put it in the top ten. The definition of a death caused by medical error from [1] seem too board from the likely simplified explanation at least: "Medical error has been defined as an unintended act (either of omission or commission) or one that does not achieve its intended outcome," That "or does not achieve its intended outcome" seems like it would count cases I would not want in a statistic like this. For example surgery to remove cancer to save the patients life did not achieve the intended outcome of saving the patients life so it is counted as death via medical error. Probably have to look at the full paper to see how they applied the standard, but the pdf is not free on the site I linked. I might come back later and look for a free copy or another source. [1] https://www.bmj.com/content/353/bmj.i2139/ |
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| ▲ | jbstjohn 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | The point is more that "the science" is too broad and vague and uncertain. The science for cancer might be that the currently best known treatment acknowledged in country X is to follow a particular treatment process. That changes across time and countries. And often the studies have assumptions baked in. So there isn't a blind belief in "the science" |
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| ▲ | Symmetry 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Generally you should trust science on matters of "is". But on matters of "ought" science only bears indirectly. | | |
| ▲ | slices 7 days ago | parent [-] | | ideally, science would be the best available information on "is". When the science is i.e. funded by a tobacco company and regarding the safety of tobacco, we should be skeptical. How much of current science falls in a similar class? |
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| ▲ | knowitnone 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | then you should just trust in God and forget about science |
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| ▲ | nonethewiser 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| There is a pure form of science which are basically just methods and principles. Then there is stuff around that like institutions. Some further the core methods and principles. And sometimes it's quite literally a religion. There is also a weird thing where people will attribute simple natural phenomena to science. Conflating the subject matter with science itself. I recall seeing a post with these colored ants and a caption like "Isnt Science Cool?" https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/these-rainbow-... Thats not science. Those are ants being colored by food coloring... that would be true with or without the scientific method and you don't even need it to observe the effect. And when you do need science to discover some phenomena (say the nature of black holes) its not science that is amazing if you are simply talking about how amazing black holes are. Its the method applied to understand them that can show how amazing science is. Black holes arent science. |
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| ▲ | cryptonector 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > while scientific facts are facts https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life_of_knowledge |
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| ▲ | senderista 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| "Trust the science" is the very antithesis of the scientific spirit. The essence of science is to distrust authority and received wisdom. If you treat scientists as some sort of infallible priesthood then you've missed the whole point of science. |
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| ▲ | elashri 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | > The essence of science is to distrust authority and received wisdom The essence of science is the use of scientific method which have specific meaning and way of doing things. It relies on evidence based knowledge not on any distrust. It does not have to do with authority but you would question if your tools you are using is good (calibrated and not interfering with measurements in an unaccounted way ..etc) or if your methodology is flawed. | | |
| ▲ | cryptonector 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Unfortunately science is full of academic authorities with vested interests (grants, acclaim, stature), conflicts of interest, narcissism, and other problems. To do real science you need to be able to distrust the authorities of the day. | |
| ▲ | KK7NIL 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | So when someone says "trust the science!" they mean "define your null hypothesis, design an experiment to test it, run said experiment, analyze the data for statistical significance and submit for peer review"? Or do they really mean "trust the scientists"? | | |
| ▲ | elashri 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | I think when someone say something you are confused or have doubts about what they mean, then you ask them what they mean. This sentence can be used to mean many things (including mocking up scientists ot trolling). So please next time you see or hear someone says that please ask them that. If I would use it personally I will probably use it to mean trust the evidence based knowledge that the scientific community is using. | | |
| ▲ | KK7NIL 7 days ago | parent [-] | | > If I would use it personally I will probably use it to mean trust the evidence based knowledge that the scientific community is using. Where can one find this knowledge? Are you suggesting regular folk go out and review the literature themselves (most of which is paywalled)?
And even if they did and were able to understand the contents, they'd still lack the required context to weigh contradicting results, dismiss old studies now known to be wrong, etc etc. And that's why "trust the science" ends up being an appeal to authority. I'm not saying I have a better alternative than the scientific method, I'm just pointing out that the "scientific consensus" isn't some magical spark that is immediately obvious when one reads the literature, it's something that evolves over many decades of research, conferences, etc.
And that's assuming there is a consensus for a given topic at a given time.
And I'm not even going to get into why reasonably questioning the scientific consensus is a good thing (otherwise it stops being science). |
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| ▲ | mrguyorama 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | I have never once in my life heard the phrase "Trust the science" from anyone other than someone fighting a strawman |
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| ▲ | itishappy 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Somewhat disagree. Science requires trust. In fact, it's the process for building that trust up from nothing. Are you friend or foe? I'm going to assume one but watch you closely until I have enough evidence to trust you. Hurray, that's science! I totally agree that the phrase is often misused to mean "trust my favorite authority figure" or "trust the status quo," which is distinctly unscientific. Good news though, if we're willing to actually do the work (the hard part) trust in science is what allows us to change the status quo! | |
| ▲ | UncleMeat 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | The process involves collecting data or performing analysis. Simply saying "ugh, why should we listen to received wisdom" and declaring that the experts are idiots is not the scientific spirit. | |
| ▲ | twixfel 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Science is built on trust because in reality it’s not practical to check every single result in a paper. Often it’s literally impossible (e.g the result from a one of a kind, billion dollar machine). | |
| ▲ | anigbrowl 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | If someone hand-waves away the conclusions of scientists without doing any science of their own I feel no obligation to take them seriously. | |
| ▲ | immibis 5 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Is science authority? If science is not authority, then distrusting authority and trusting science are not in opposition. | |
| ▲ | yks 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | > The essence of science is to distrust authority and received wisdom. This is not "the essence of science" by any means. | | |
| ▲ | dekhn 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | The motto of the Royal Society: "The Royal Society's motto 'Nullius in verba' was adopted in its First Charter in 1662. is taken to mean 'take nobody's word for it'. It is an expression of the determination of Fellows to withstand the domination of authority and to verify all statements by an appeal to facts determined by experiment." It's highly consistent with the statement above and in many ways is consistent with science as it is practiced. | | |
| ▲ | davorak 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | The motto here does not align with how I read it compared to: > The essence of science is to distrust authority and received wisdom "take nobody's word for it" -> anyone can say anything, that is just a claim, things other than that matter like data, replication, etc. That is different and superior than a simple, broad, statement to 'distrust'. | |
| ▲ | itishappy 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | ... source? (sorry, couldn't resist) https://royalsociety.org/about-us/who-we-are/history |
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| ▲ | elevatedastalt 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | The Scientific process does not have any authority except observed natural phenomena. | | |
| ▲ | yks 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Yes, therefore trusting or distrusting authorities is irrelevant. One can distrust authorities and do bad science, one can trust authorities and do good science, and other combinations. | |
| ▲ | cryptonector 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | The scientific method has no authorities, but science does. | | |
| ▲ | mrguyorama 7 days ago | parent [-] | | It literally doesn't. Even Nobel Prize winners do not get a free pass to make baseless claims. There's an entire realm of people who did great science, won a Nobel prize, and then went on to make absurd unfounded claims about shit they do not know. | | |
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| ▲ | marcus_holmes 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | "Science advances one funeral at a time" [0] The Scientific Principle (hypothesis -> experiment -> conclusion and all that) does not pay any heed to authority and received wisdom. And it should not; the experiment results are all that matter. Academia, the set of very human organisations that have grown to manage our implementation of the Scientfic Principle, are a long way from perfect and are heavily influenced by authority and received wisdom. So yeah, I don't think it's the essence of science, but distrusting authority and received wisdom definitely required to practice good science. [0] https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/science-really-does-adva... | | |
| ▲ | yks 7 days ago | parent [-] | | One funeral at a time is true but “standing on the shoulders of giants” is also true and there is absolutely good science done without redoing all experiments since Newton, like there is a bad science standing on the sand hill of the other bad science. Having distrust by itself will not make one a good scientist and so it can’t be “the essence of science”. | | |
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| ▲ | atmavatar 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | No, the antithesis of the scientific spirit is to believe anything joe nobody posts on facebook or twitter that fits your worldview, regardless of (or perhaps especially due to) the presence of contradictory facts. The essence of science, and what is meant by "trust the science", is to accept theories that fit the existing data until such time as new data contradicts them, while encouraging people to ruthlessly search for just such data which would falsify them. Sadly, there are a lot of people whose only standard of proof for conspiracy theories is that it contradicts what experts claim. | | |
| ▲ | refurb 7 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Maybe you saw “trust the science” used in different ways, but the way I saw it used was: - to shut down any debate as the science was “settled” - to argue for censorship as any discussion that went outside the approved borders of “settled science” was by default false and dangerous to expose people to - to argue that the “flavor of the month” study was the final word no matter how rigorous the research study was | |
| ▲ | OCASMv2 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Just like there's people whose only standard of proof is the word of "experts", regardless of (or perhaps especially due to) the presence of contradictory facts. |
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| ▲ | nickpsecurity 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| Scientific facts aren’t facts. Empiricism only tells you when you are wrong or have enough data to believe something for now. At any point, something we believe can be proven wrong. To even get there requires independent, skeptical, peer review. That often doesn’t happen. It’s questionable how many scientific facts are even science. Much less factual. |
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| ▲ | chrisbrandow 7 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| all of the "Trust/Believe X" statements would be profoundly improved by substituting "Take X seriously". It makes the same point without posing the obvious problems with trust and believe |
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| ▲ | jbstjohn 6 days ago | parent [-] | | But that wouldn't capture how it tends to be meant -- an instruction to take things on faith without any questioning, even if it contradicts other known facts or your direct experience. |
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| ▲ | 7 days ago | parent | prev [-] |
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