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ronsor 3 days ago

What if a third-party reverse engineers the specifications and releases an open driver, regardless of what the HDMI Forum wishes?

pipo234 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

I suppose you could do a clean room reimplantation, but I doubt you could advertise it as HDMI 2.1 compliant without legal repercussions.

stronglikedan 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

That's why you advertise it as HDMI 2.1 compatible instead. I believe there's precedence that allows that.

jorvi 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

It most likely would prevent you from playing anything HDCP. HDCP is illegal (?) to reverse engineer, and there are special versions of HDCP2 specifically for HDMI. You need a license and a verified device for HDCP.

That might not matter much for an ordinary PC, but this Steam Machine will be competing for the living room with the PS5 and Xbox which have Netflix, Disney, HBO, etc; Not sure if things like Spotify are HDCP-protected.

It will be interesting to see how Valve works out the kinks for that. Honestly in general it'll be interesting, because putting those things on Steam Store basically turns Steam Store into a general software store instead of a game store. And the only cross-platform store at that.

With iOS and Android being broken open, you could have games be completely cross-licensed. I'd say other software too, but sadly with everything going the subscription model, you usually already have cross-licensing, in the form of an account.

ruined 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

it's removing HDCP protection that's problematic, not adding HDCP protection

looking at the available information on HDCP, it looks like the transmitter does not have to be authenticated - they use the receiver's pubkey, much like a web browser transmits to an HTTPS server

kalleboo 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

How does HDCP work over DisplayPort? I guess HDCP is a different spec from HDMI itself?

Dagonfly 2 days ago | parent [-]

Yes, HDCP is seperate from HDMI and DP.

The source and the sink need a HDCP-licence. Both devices have embbed keys that get exchanged to estabish a encrypted channel. Without the licence you can't get the required key material.

AFAIK, you can even sell HDMI devices without HDCP. Practically though, every entertainment device needs HDCP support.

estimator7292 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Part of what you're paying for is the right to use the trademarked tern HDMI, just like how the USB Consortium charges you stupid money to use the USB logo.

The suit over usage of "HDMI" in a reverse engineered version would wind up arguing whether or not HDMI is a genericised term and the HDMI Forum would lose their trademark. They will throw every cent they have into preventing such a decision and it'll get ugly

AnthonyMouse 3 days ago | parent [-]

Can't you use a trademark to refer to the thing as long as it's clear you're not claiming to be them? Like if you say your PC is "IBM compatible" you're not claiming to be IBM, are you?

pipo234 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Yes, that might work. Strictly, HDMI is a registered trademark that might have strings but you could always say something like EIA/CEA-861... compatible instead

PunchyHamster 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

it's compliant with Valve Digital Media Interface. The fact signalling is same as for 2.1 HDMI is pure accident

adgjlsfhk1 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

trademark doesn't cover descriptive language. saying it is an HDMI port is trademarked. Saying it is compatible with HDMI cables and displays is a purely descriptive statement.

ssl-3 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

It's called nominative use, and describing a thing as "HDMI compatible" is permitted.

One doesn't get to use the logo or even the typeface, but that's not a dealbreaker at all for the purposes being discussed here. Words themselves are OK (and initialisms, such as "HDMI," are just a subset of words like nouns and verbs are).

The wiki has some background: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_use

tadfisher 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

HDMI is patent-encumbered. The original specification has lost patent protection, but VRR and the other bits which form HDMI 2.1 and 2.2 are still protected as part of the Forum's patent pool. You could certainly try and upstream an infringing implementation into the kernel, but no one would be able to distribute it in their products without a license.

ronsor 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

> no one would be able to distribute it in their products without a license.

In some jurisdictions, yes; however, some would probably still distribute it anyway, on purpose or not. I doubt all of them would get sued either, since lawsuits are expensive and difficult.

From my perspective, the objective is to make enforcement impractical.

AnthonyMouse 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

> You could certainly try and upstream an infringing implementation into the kernel, but no one would be able to distribute it in their products without a license.

Isn't that actually a pretty good workaround? Hardware vendor pays for the license, implements the standard, sells the hardware. Linux kernel has a compatible implementation, relying on the first sale doctrine to use the patent license that came with the hardware, and then you could run it on any hardware that has the port (and thereby the license). What's the problem?

tadfisher 3 days ago | parent [-]

> relying on the first sale doctrine to use the patent license that came with the hardware

First-sale doctrine protects against copyright or trademark infringement. You might be thinking of "patent exhaustion"[1], which is a mostly US-specific court doctrine that prevents patent holders from enforcing license terms against eventual purchasers of the patented invention. There is no "transitive law of patent licensing", so-to-speak.

In this case, it would still not protect Valve if they exercise each claim in the relevant patents by including both hardware and an unlicensed implementation of the software process. It would protect end users who purchased the licensed hardware and chose to independently install drivers which are not covered by the license.

It's murky if Valve would infringe by some DeCSS-like scheme whereby they direct users to install a third-party HDMI 2.1 driver implementation on first boot, but I don't think they would risk their existing HDMI license by doing so.

1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaustion_doctrine_under_U.S....

pdimitar 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

What would the legal repercussions be against an anonymous coder who donated the code to multiple code forges? Action against the code forges themselves? I mean, not like they would be able to find the guy.

u8080 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I saw chinese hw companies use "HDTV" or "HD" to avoid HDMI trademark usage.

orthoxerox 2 days ago | parent [-]

Yep, and "HDML" on one device that would obey its user and strip HDCP from the stream when asked.

ThatPlayer 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I've seen a few devices not advertising HDMI at all. Just calling it a generic "Digital Video" output.

littlestymaar 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

On what basis? Trademark infringement?

pipo234 3 days ago | parent [-]

Yes, that. I think you're only allowed to claim support/compliance if you're certified. And that, allegedly, means they run a couple of closed source tests and involves paperwork and NDAs.

MBCook 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It wouldn’t be HDMI 2.1 because it couldn’t be certified. And if you claimed it was 2.1 I imagine they would sue you.

Could it actually be made? I kind of wonder that. Like if one of the things you have to do is claim to the other device that you’re 2.1 would that get you in trouble? Or if you just advertise all the features and they each work is that good enough?

tedivm 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

They could just say "we believe we're compliant with HDMI 2.1 but are not officially certified". No lies, no claims they can't make, and nothing I can see that would introduce legal risk to folks unless there's some patent encumbered garbage in the spec.

MBCook 3 days ago | parent [-]

Right. I would just advertise the features not the version number.

My only concern there is the protocol stuff I mentioned.

bluGill 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

generally if something is needed for interoperability the courts only accept patents as a way to protected it (patents have a limited lifespan). However the law gets really complex and you need a lawyer for legal advice.

baby_souffle 3 days ago | parent [-]

I think in this case you still couldn't claim it was certified. It would be on users to discover that if they plug an HDMI capable screen into that HDMI shaped port on your widget device, things just work and video shows up as expected

bluGill 3 days ago | parent [-]

Note that if the protocol itself only works if the device claims certification you may be able to claim certification in the protocol. However you couldn't claim certification in marketing or any other context except where things wouldn't work if you were not certified.

hidroto 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> Like if one of the things you have to do is claim to the other device that you’re 2.1 would that get you in trouble?

nintendo tried that with the gameboy. games had to have a copy of the nintendo logo in them. i dont think it was ever tested in court though.

3 days ago | parent | prev [-]
[deleted]
asadm 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

yeah I am curious too. Could I legally just reverse engineer that binary and re-implement it?

nradov 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

In general to avoid IP legal problems in the USA you can't do all of that yourself. Generally one party has to do all of the reverse engineering and write a specification based on that. Then another party can take that specification and write a "clean room" implementation.

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/how-compaqs-clone-comp...

charcircuit 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

Are there examples where a single person doing it gets successfully sued? It could just be that those companies were extra risk adverse so they came up with monetarily inefficient ways to defend themselves.

AnthonyMouse 3 days ago | parent [-]

It's sort of the other side of that coin. There was a case where a company did it like this:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean-room_design

The courts said that was fine, and whenever that happens, lawyers are going to tell people to do it exactly like that since it's a known-good way to do it, whereas some other way is maybe and who wants a maybe if you have the option to lockstep the process that was previously approved?

Of course, if you do it a different way and then that gets approved, things change. But only after somebody actually goes to court over it, which generally nobody enjoys, not least because the outcome is uncertain.

charcircuit 3 days ago | parent [-]

Sure, but "can't" is a strong thing to say, when actually the result is thought to be legally untested.

AnthonyMouse 2 days ago | parent [-]

You have to understand where "can't" comes from. It's a multi-layered system. If the government says you can do it one way and then the corporation's lawyers tell them to do it that way, corporate policy then becomes that you have to do it that way, and you therefore "can't" do it some other way.

This is why government regulations often create perverse incentives and unintended consequences. You can't just consider what the rule says, you have to consider how people are going to respond to it.

This is why e.g. the DMCA takedown process is widely abused. Do corporations have to execute obviously invalid takedown requests? Maybe not. Are most of them going to, when the consequence of doing it is harm to powerless third party individuals and the consequence of not doing it is potential liability for the corporation? Yup.

ctoth 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I've been thinking about this recently. What if one of the parties is an LLM?

jsheard 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

Who knows, someone will have to get dragged into court to set that precedent one way or the other.

drdaeman 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

I think we’re waiting for the courts to deem LLMs able to sidestep any copyright and contract laws. If they do, artists and writers may be pissed, but engineers are gonna be lit (as long as they hate current status quo of nothing being interoperable)

realo 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

So... I ask Gemini to write a technical spec and Claude Code to implement it?

Basically a week-end project...

Teever 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Everything old is new again. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeCSS

It worked out pretty okay for DVD Jon but I imagine it was a little scary for his dad and brother at the time.

orthoxerox 2 days ago | parent [-]

I used to remember the lyrics to the 09 F9 song.

EvanAnderson 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

The typical "clean room" process would be to have one group reverse-engineer the original and document it, then have another group of "un-tainted" people implement the spec.

This methodology has been shown to be an effective shield against copyright infringement, but it does not protect you from patent infringement. Presumably the spec is patent-encumbered specifically to prevent this type of "attack".

You also wouldn't have any rights to use any HDMI-related trademarks.

3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]
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calgoo 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

Sounds like a good job for all that AI power that is being used for BS. I wonder if we could all crowd source a driver, 100s of claude and google gemini subscriptions working towards breaking the standard and releasing 100s of different implementations that does the same.

therein 3 days ago | parent [-]

Yeah right, 100s of Claude and Gemini subscriptions towards breaking the standard... That's how things are done. Not just one guy with a good reverse engineering skillset.

What if you crowd sourced not 100s but 1000s of Claude subscriptions. That's where the power is. You just give them a task and they just finish it for you. That's how things are done now.

Hard problem? Throw 50000s Claude subscriptions and it will kneel in front of you. Unstoppable. 50000s Claude subscriptions not enough, throw 10000000 subscriptions at it and problem solved. That's how it all works, we know this is the way to do things. Everybody knows you take a problem and throw more Claudes at it and that's it.

For example, we can do anything we want, we just need more Claude subscriptions. I couldn't do something the other day, the problem is I didn't have enough Claudes.

We just need an order of magnitude more Claude subscriptions to figure out cold fusion and unify general relativity with quantum interpretation of the world. Can you imagine what 10E10 Claude subscriptions would do with that problem? Problem stands no chance.

It is so annoying people think this is future, that this is analysis. Despicable.

charcircuit 3 days ago | parent | next [-]

I think you misread the comment. Each person's AI agent breaks the standard once. He was not claiming they would work together. And even if he the act of translating and understanding large sums of text (binary data) seems easier to divide and concor than open ended problems like cold fusion or unifying quantum physics and general relativity.

Ayesh 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I know that HN replies must carry some substance, unlike majority of Reddit comments. But I wanted to say that this comment read line a poem to me.

anthk 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

What would you expect from z'ers growing up under closed magical shells doing everything for themselves (smartphone and tablet OSes) and later being utterly lost with the basics of IT.

conartist6 3 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Wow, full on delusional about how engineering work scales. Can't save everyone from themselves...

cubefox 3 days ago | parent | prev [-]

Great, now my face hurts from laughing.