Speculation on my part based on other sources I've read, but likely related to water sources being contaminated in general. Curious to know however how additional filtration did not clean out these chemicals.

I am so tired. No matter how hard people try to keep this stuff out of their bodies, the lack of regulation and lack of enforcement --or even regulation and enforcement being way too late-- makes the act of simply keeping chemicals out of ourselves impossible. The chemicals are everywhere.

PFAS was used in a lot of different things, the sources of major contamination are military bases and manufacturing plants, but it was used in a wide array of consumer products so there is some level of contamination almost everywhere.

In Minnesota, it’s almost certainly 3M (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing).

Are we looking at the same map? The PFAS contamination truly does not follow population.

Which of the filtration methods on that list do you believe should be capable of filtering PFAS, the "forever chemicals" in question?

PFAS may be ending up in the product from the processing equipment, not necessarily only from the water source.

in a microbrewery? You are kidding.

Also liver damage has got to be one of the worst lived experiences that exists. And alcohol seems to slowly accumulate that damage over time. After seeing the end state with my grandparents and experiencing the end state with a viral infection I decided that alcohol just isn't worth it. It's not that good of an experience compared to alternatives to justify that awfulness.

And now you’re going to give me another thing to worry about?!?!

Or.. drink enough of it until you forget that you were worried in the first place.

I feel it's needless to say that's not actual advice.. but well, better safe than sorry lol.

EDIT: I mean, of all the health reasons not to drink beer.. PFAS is _probably_ not the main one to worry about? I'm not a doctor, but it seems there's already enough known adverse effects that this additional piece of information is probably not a dealbreaker for those who drink?

Now do the crime map!

Leaded gas was never fine. GM avoided using the word lead about their tetraethyllead product because everyone knew lead was problematic. Lies and lobbying assured that they knowingly could go ahead and poison the whole world.

Wikipedia has a history of how lead was known to cause problems, dating back to antiquity. Some excerpts:

> Dioscorides, a Greek physician who lived in the 1st century AD, wrote that lead makes the mind "give way".[121][274]

> Lead poisoning from rum was also noted in Boston.[291] Benjamin Franklin suspected lead to be a risk in 1786

> The first legislation in the UK to limit pottery workers' exposure to lead was included in the Factories Act Extension Act in 1864, with further introduced in 1899. William James Furnival (1853–1928), research ceramist of City & Guilds London Institute, appeared before Parliament in 1901 and presented a decade's evidence to convince the nation's leaders to remove lead completely from the British ceramic industry.

I don't know much about forever chemicals. Is there the same level of evidence as we had for lead?

It was pretty obvious from the get-go that leaded gas was an absolutely horrible idea, but this was before the mass-media age, so people didn't know that people who worked at the tetraethyl lead plant were going mad so often that it became known as the "looney gas building".[0]

Doses make the poisons, and apparently the dose for some of these chemicals is much, much higher than tetraethyl lead.

Also, apparently the molecular diagram for TEL sorta looks like a hackenkreuz. How appropriate.

[0]https://www.wired.com/2013/01/looney-gas-and-lead-poisoning-...

We're killing ourselves just so we can slightly more comfortable. It's the dumbest thing in the world. People are pouring gallons of neurotoxins on their lawns so they aren't faced with observing multiple kinds of grass, or god forbid, weeds. The market may be filling people's desires, but people's desires are terrible and should often be ignored. People have a desire to be bored less often, and now we're cursed with smart phones and social media. Call me a luddite if you want, but make sure not to drink your water or your local beer.