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jameskilton 8 hours ago

A good article, but missing one very important word: trust.

Civil society only exists when there is a collective general trust that most people are trying to do the right thing. Said society also finds it incredibly important to remove or nullify those who aren't trustworthy because "a rotten apple spoils the whole bunch". Trust is hard to earn, and easy to lose, and it only takes one person exploiting the trustworthy without consequence to ruin a good thing.

So no you can't build a system that's meets all of the article's criteria because almost all of them rely on the unspoken rule of trust in civil society. Everything built for good can be abused for evil.

readthenotes1 6 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Trust is a Continuum. I have relatives who grew up in places where you didn't need to lock the door at night and those who have to lock the door at night but that's enough and those for who that is not enough.

I am reminded of a story I read lately of a woman who was shocked when her passport and purse were stolen from the beach while she was swimming. Somehow she had the perception that she was in a high trust worthy zone even though she had been doing her doctoral thesis work in a low trust society.

cwmoore 5 hours ago | parent [-]

Sounds very binary, I don’t see the continuum. More like a steep cliff of shocking betrayal.

9x39 3 hours ago | parent [-]

In the same society, some people personally experience that others are capable of robbery & much worse within days and some learn it within decades, and everything in between. Some may never have to confront this, all within the same city/state/country.

We could represent time-to-reality on a number line.

bombcar an hour ago | parent [-]

You can turn a low trust society into a high one by just having nothing whatsoever worth anything.

stirfish an hour ago | parent [-]

Maybe. There are a lot of online games where nothing is worth anything, but I don't think those are default high-trust societies. People will log in just to annoy the other players.

Johnny_Bonk 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Yes good point and in theory that's how it should work and mostly does. The interesting thing we're seeing is how it's playing out at a societal level with regards to the manipulation, gaslighting, cheating and bullying. I guess what I'm trying to say is that in individual interpersonal relationships, it sometimes takes a while for the victim to fully understand what's being done to them because the abuser is not only doing harmful things but then they also gaslight, manipulate, lie, etc. There's usually a lag effect for first time victims to fully understand what's being done to them, and now at a societal level it's taking a while for groups to understand the same pattern. The most unfortunate part of it all though is how many people and institutions are 'in on it' perse and continously prop up horrible behavior because it also suits them or in the case of bullying, they go along with the bullying so as to shield themselves from being the target.

Imustaskforhelp 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Beautifully said. I feel as if the society that we are living in does have a lot of implicit trust and if I may, I would like to add onto it with a few things.

Trust works in a society when incentives are aligned with trust ie. you trust the society, the society trusts you back and you do the work with these principles and you are rewarded. Even this belief is something that you must trust that the society is fair. This trust creates your beliefs which sets your base-line incentives.

If your society is trustworthy and you are taught to be trustworthy and you see that the rewards are fairly distributed being trustworthy. It creates an incentives to be trustworthy yourself and a society is made by people like you and so everyone else does so too and the society becomes trustworthy and the cycle continues.

You would trust the society because you think your goals are aligned. Both you and society want the same thing.

BUT, the second the average individual works that the society or system is untrustworthy, that the incentives aren't aligned and I can't trust it.

The thing now is that the incentives are so misaligned with the reality of trustworthiness and it has become apparently clear. The incentives have also become unpredictable and questionable sometimes within the society and yet we see society tolerate, dare I say celebrate it sometimes. This makes us question if my personal incentives are aligned with society or not and if I am getting screwed or not by being so trustworthy of society and doing things fairly.

This in turns creates a vicious loop.

As such, fairness, trust and incentives play a very cyclical dependency on each other. You only trust if you feel like its fair and if the incentives prefer you to be fair as well.

I would sadly say that although our society is trending towards unfairness,untrustworthiness and perverse incentives. I do have a glimmer of hope that this too shall pass.

ryandrake 7 hours ago | parent [-]

People have given up on the very concept of society. Everyone is racing to shred the Social Contract and revert society back to Do What You Can Get Away With lawlessness. We're replacing institutions with individualism. We're replacing "We're all in it together" with "We're in it for ourselves." We're replacing collective stewardship of shared resources with "I got mine, fuck everyone else!" One's Community has stopped being the fundamental atomic unit we organize around, in favor of their Tribe, their Family, or themselves as an individual. We no longer are capable of coordinated, collective action that benefits society.

9x39 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Throwing something out to look at in the US at least--

Interpersonal trust might be decreasing: https://www.pewresearch.org/2025/05/08/americans-trust-in-on...

But dwarfed by the trust decrease in institutions: https://www.pew.org/en/trend/archive/fall-2024/americans-dee...

But maybe it's overstated, because trust seems sort of stable according to this group: https://www.edelman.com/trust/25years

>We no longer are capable of coordinated, collective action that benefits society.

I think this might be too doomer for people, but I think it raises the concern often called two-tier policing or 'anarchotyranny', where such collective action to reform a society is viewed as a threat by the ruling organization and systematically attacked and dismantled. In contrast, petty crimes or even serious interpersonal crimes pose no threat to the ruling organization and receive disproportionately low effort relative to the collective action movements.

anthony_d 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The part I think people have given up on is the contract. There are no rights without obligations and there are no obligations with repercussions.

Side rant… every time I’ve heard "We're all in it together" it’s been from someone who believes the opposite. That phrase just grates now.

JuniperMesos 7 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Who, specifically, is "we" in this sentence?

What distinction are you making between a community and a tribe or family? What is it about a community that makes it more worthy of individuals organizing around it than their families or tribes?

cwmoore 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

But we have built so many enduring systems that rely on bad apples to function the way the do. See "insurance pricing", "private prisons", and "justice enforcement". In the real world, the ideal number of jails or homeless people is neither zero nor "all of them".

cardanome 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

The ideal number of jails and homeless people is zero.

Obviously you will not reach that literally. That's why it is an ideal number, not a real number. It is still a good and worthy goal.

Finnland for example has nearly eradicated homelessness. It is not literally zero but 0.08% which is pretty good.

You can also reduce the crime rate dramatically by better social security, education, easier access to mental health care and so many other things.

And don't say we can't afford these things. These measures pay dividends in building a better society for everyone. What we can't afford is having so many billionaires not paying their fair share.

HWR_14 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Obviously the ideal number of jails is not zero, but why wouldn't the ideal number of homeless people be zero?

californical 7 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I’m guessing there’s a bit of breathing room at the lower end of the system - there will be people who become drug addicts or have major mental health breaks and lose everything.

And ideally we have good safety nets that find these people and give them resources and treatment, but some people will refuse everything and end up in bad situations of homelessness due to their drug and/or mental health crises.

And even in a society that forces those people into attempted treatment programs, there will still be a bit of time in between their issues manifesting and them going into treatment/therapy/confinement.

To have “zero homeless” you’d need to preventatively intercept these people before they become homeless and force them into confinement in treatment facilities and mental hospitals essentially. And that’s a dangerous game because you’re essentially taking away someone’s freedom preemptively before they become homeless

cwmoore 6 hours ago | parent | next [-]

This is along the lines I mean. Or when shared households break up, and some stay, some leave, which one should you send to the asylum forever and why not both? Or to jail for the fights they both participated in? What of the deaths by a thousand cuts and no one at fault for the murder?

But the idea that jails are an unadulterated societal good, or that they are the natural only option to police, is a crazy religion. Why on earth do we have no timely resolutions but through handcuffs and jail? There is expediency, and then there is externalizing the whole of the troubles to the smallest number of people, who could never overturn a majority, even if they had the vote.

I suggest the ability to put certain people in a metal box, at least partially for losing their grasp of a better role in the world, is a big, boldface moral hazard, and self-perpetuating, but with leering cheerleaders.

Some people are wild and out of control sometimes. Treating them all as permanent bad apples is just as animalistic.

longbrass 5 hours ago | parent [-]

Just make sure after each politician serves their term they get a year in prison.

pianopatrick 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

You could also have "zero homeless" if you had a certain amount of cheap housing that even drug addicts and mentally ill people could afford. Or where the cost of helping them is not too much.

Like some housing that was built to be closer to "indestructible" than "nice" and was small, like 200 - 300 sq ft.

layer8 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Some homeless people choose to not make use of such facilities, for example because they don’t want to get into fights with the other (ex-)homeless living there, or because of anxiety issues and the like.

what an hour ago | parent [-]

They choose not to use these facilities because they can’t do drugs there.

6 minutes ago | parent | next [-]
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cwmoore 34 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

Or the exact opposite of what you said.

bethekidyouwant 2 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

If it’s not in the city centre it will remain empty and if it is it will already be full

2 hours ago | parent [-]
[deleted]
coldtea 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

>I’m guessing there’s a bit of breathing room at the lower end of the system - there will be people who become drug addicts or have major mental health breaks and lose everything

So? Why can't a 21st century country provide them with some at-least pod-like homes, so they are not fucking homeless?

an hour ago | parent [-]
[deleted]
jknoepfler 2 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Honestly this isn't the right conversation to be having at all.

In the United States, ~40% of the homeless are employed. A deeply non-trivial percent either are kids or have kids. Everyone should volunteer at a support center for homeless youth some time.

Sure, there may be some kind of Pareto principal in play for the hardest 20% of cases to crack. Who cares? Let's eliminate 80% of the existing problem and worry about the rest when we get there.

I'm going to go out on a limb and suggest that the median HN reader has very little appreciation of the human reality of homelessness in the United States, and primarily see it through the lens of people at the extreme, visible margins. I know I used to until I got involved.

edit: I mean all of this in a very boring, matter of fact way, not some kind of holier-than-thou virtue signaling way. The 80% problem of homelessness is a tractable economic problem. While it's true that the United States has an almost dizzying level of propaganda demonizing poor people, it's also true that real homelessness is hard to spot because people have a natural instinct to preserve their and their family's dignity. The first time I came to terms with this was coaching debate in highschool. I had a varsity debater who couldn't afford pants to meet the dress code. Incredibly bright, academically successful kid. His father was an unemployed teacher working menial jobs, his mother was taking care of three kids. They lived in a tent at campsites. I had absolutely no idea. We obviously bought him pants and paid all his travel/etc. fees (he'd been making excuses to not go to events requiring travel). That's a very boring, normal case.

That family should have had a free or nearly free housing option. They did not. They still wouldn't.

cwmoore 28 minutes ago | parent [-]

And then there are people who aren't families, without the knack for conveying a moving story, or exceptionally good in every way but unfair circumstances.

Many of these people, and not just the really, really bad nuisance ones people use as excuses to superiority, are literally slaves, performing the scarecrow work of deterrence as living examples, for "society", for no pay.

I think this is an injustice, subverted by its own cruelty, and one of the more compelling arguments for UBI.

lend000 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I knew someone who worked at some sort of homeless services clinic, and I asked how many people they were able to help get back on their feet in a sustainable way. The answer was 1; I don't know what the denominator was, but the takeaway is that most of the visibly homeless people you see are uncoachable and you really can't protect people from themselves. With a huge caveat that the visibly homeless is a subset of the homeless/impoverished population.

rcxdude 6 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Depends on your definition, but not everyone is necessarily happy (or at least, happiest) living under a particular roof.

cwmoore 6 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Housing is a privilege, not a right, and not a requirement. Except, being a free country, in jail.

cwmoore 3 hours ago | parent [-]

I said it is - I'm not saying it should be.

GolfPopper 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

How old are those systems in their present configuration?

jacquesm 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

In the real world the jails are for holding, the prisons are for convicted criminals and the homeless people (most of them anyway, because not everybody that is homeless is derelict, and the addicts) get whatever help they need. Because we actually can afford it.

ai_critic 2 hours ago | parent [-]

> Because we actually can afford it.

Can you, though? And for how long? With the current policymaking and demographic and economic trends?

There is an argument to be made that the European social experiment has largely been indirectly funded by the largesse of the American hard-and-soft power strategy. As we're moving away from that (for various reasons, most idiotic), there is a question as to how it will persist.

(This is not meant as trolling--there's a real existential question here. A starting point is an attack on that argument: what is the "natural" expenditure on defense versus what you can get away with America's force projection? How much social funding is derived from that delta, in the most generous sense? Maybe it's a red-herring.)

hluska 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

What is the ideal number of unhoused people? And how do you arrive at that number?

cwmoore 6 hours ago | parent [-]

Probably "fewer", and probably by providing step-up housing for more people to whom it is out of reach.

jMyles 7 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

I think the ideal number of _prisons_ (as distinct from jails / pretrial confinement) is zero.

This whole charade in the USA of dressing up slavery (without even a single day of interruption on January 31, 1865) as "correction" is absurd. It's obviously a way to continue an economy that relies on a supply of involuntary labor, and has nothing whatsoever to do with public safety.

There are plenty of ways to implement restorative justice which are superior to forcing convicts to make starbucks uniforms (start here if you've never delved into this, but there are great books on the topic which you can find from here: https://harvardpolitics.com/restorative-justice-abolition/).

tony69 7 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Some crimes are bad enough that the perpetrators don’t deserve second chances. I’m ok with punishment for its own sake in some cases even if it would be more “cost effective” or “productive” for society to rehabilitate.

cwmoore 6 hours ago | parent [-]

Sure, again bad apples, but one size fits sentences to the same institution? They are not all of the people ever arrested, or all of the time, or even most, and still the fundamentally medieval violence we orient by.

cwmoore 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

That too. The check of "without due process" did not undo that rebranding or its many modern forms.

cwmoore 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

I’d guess the downvotes are an aberration of today’s politics, because your account of the history is factually and legally valid. (keyword “restorative”)

To me, the idea that incarceration and police use of force is wrong because it is racist is backwards. It’s racist because it is wrong.

gadflyinyoureye 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Is aberration for the ground you claim? My understanding is that in the west up until recently prisons were uncommon due to cost. The courts either fined you or they killed you. You might’ve been part of a Work gang, but the goal was to kill you.

cwmoore 3 hours ago | parent [-]

I don't understand your question or your comments. I have not considered the relevance of execution to this discussion, but I do not see fines and imprisonment as the same categories of punishment/correction at all.

3abiton 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> trust

One interesting aspect ij academic literature about trust, it is highly reverse correlated with diversity. No matter the grouping and size, the more diverse, the less trust within the group.

blooalien 2 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

> Civil society only exists when there is a collective general trust that most people are trying to do the right thing.

I was taught as a child that most people deep down genuinely want to be "good people". If only I had known what an absolute lie that really truly was, I'd have chosen a very different path for my life. Going out of my way to be a "good person" to the best of my ability was a total waste of a life that could have been spent in the pursuit of wealth and power, which I would have been very good at, had I not foolishly chosen to adhere to a "moral code" that was based on fantasy and naivety and a "reality" that just didn't exist as it was taught in schools, churches, and homes.

jyunwai an hour ago | parent | next [-]

It's a recipe for unhappiness to believe in either extreme: either that it's a waste of life to try and live by morals, or that one should shun wealth and influence to live a good life (and give up financial security).

I wasn't happy at all to end up associating with people who were zero-sum, transactional, and only valued wealth and fame. That can promote a constant sense of insecurity and lack of trust, which prevents the formation of true connections to others (which I've found to be important).

I've been very happy to find myself with groups of people, in work contexts and elsewhere, who try to care for others while pursuing their personal goals. There's a sense of belonging and security.

nicerice an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Having made similar experiences, I do have to say your conclusion to not be the good person isn't in your own interest, especially, but even otherwise, if your goal is power and wealth.

People like good things. They'll go out of their way to expend time, energy and money to have "good". You could be the source of that good and receive all of these if you try to truly understand others' view of what's good.

Coercive systems do happen, but rarely last, because people will also spend time, energy and money to get rid of them.

Just don't be fooled that there's a universal moral code. What's good for one might not be for another. You might appreciate "Science and Human Behaviour" by B.F. Skinner if you're interested in the mechanics of it.

roenxi 23 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

What's a "good person" exactly? There are many wildly different definitions.

People do generally want to be good people but it is a fairly basic don't-upset-the-neighbours form of good. You can't rely on them to consider any specific act as being good or bad.

blooalien 9 minutes ago | parent [-]

> What's a "good person" exactly?

I was taught that a "good person" tries to actually care about their fellow humans and other lifeforms on this planet enough to try to live a life that contributes toward a positive future that we'll all benefit from, while choosing not to support the hatred, greed, and ignorance of those people who would work toward the opposite of that. Problem with that sorta fantasy is that it doesn't exist except in a really rare handful of "mutant" humans who are generally killed (or "destroyed" in other ways) for their beliefs that we could have a "better world" that isn't built on suffering and greed.

Waterluvian an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> which I would have been very good at

If you indeed lived morally you probably can’t know this.

williamcotton 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Pick up a copy of Crime and Punishment ASAP.

an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]
[deleted]
energy123 42 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I actually think primatology is quite useful here. We aren't that different from other primates. We selfishly attach extreme morality only to things that impact us, which we would never do when we analytically study primates doing the same kind of thing (stealing and killing). To be frank, your kind of comment makes me more suspicious of human morality itself (as a social tool to mask resentment or overcome collective action problems towards some kind of aggressive action) than it does of humanity.

artyom an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Not really sure if this was your intention, but you're making a very compelling argument to keep teaching a "moral code" in schools, churches and homes.

cobbzilla an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

No you were not lied to. and thank you for heeding the good advice to not be a jerk.

Whether you see it or not, the vast majority of people /are/ generally good, and more importantly they want to be around other people who value being good, not being a jerk.

Folks who are all about money and power hang in different circles; I can’t speak to their happiness levels, but regular folks steer clear of them and warn others when they get burned.

Stay on the good team. There’s plenty of us and we welcome you. What can I do to help?

blooalien 24 minutes ago | parent [-]

> What can I do to help?

Nothing you can do to help me specifically. I'm a lost cause at this point. I see no way back from where I'm at. I literally see zero hope for the future of humanity or this truly amazing planet we were fortunate enough to populate for a short while. If you truly do see some sort of future that doesn't end in dystopia or apocalypse, then you can help by doing everything in your power to work tirelessly toward contributing to that future. That's all. I'd help if I could, but I'm physically, spiritually, and emotionally entirely too "broken" in every way at this point to see any way that I could do anything that would turn any of this mess around in even the slightest way.

stirfish an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

I think the grass is always greener on the other side, and I'm glad that you're a good person.

blooalien 33 minutes ago | parent [-]

> ... and I'm glad that you're a good person.

I appreciate the sentiment, but I'm not a good person anymore. Not really. I'm the broken wreckage of what used to be a good person. I want to be a good person, but I was born on the wrong planet, or the wrong timeline, or the wrong corner of the multiverse, or whatever. I don't live on a planet where what I want is even in the realm of possibility. Too much hatred, greed, and ignorance here for the life I would prefer to live.