| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago |
| Over the years I have read a few articles or blogs that make the argument that if government inflation figures in the US were calculated as they do in Europe, then our reported US inflation figures would be much higher. Can anyone here verify this? Our main problems involve under the table unreported to the public military expenditures. If you look at a map of our military bases, we have many bordering China. I think our total number is close to 900. Those costs are a bleeding hemorage to the middle class tax payer who aren’t getting a cut of military profiteering because they don’t own ‘defense’ stocks. Consumer debt is almost as much of a worry as government debt. Eventually countries that don't spend most of their treasure on their military will win. There has to be a balance between true defense spending and healthy spending like feeding and educating children, infrastructure, R&D that helps society, etc. |
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| ▲ | Aurornis 6 days ago | parent | next [-] |
| > Over the years I have read a few articles or blogs Without linking the blogs or articles it’s hard to say much. Inflation is a topic that attracts a lot of quackery. There are a lot of blogs and websites that go viral from time to time with claims that the “true” inflation number is dramatically higher. There is a quick reality check you should run whenever you encounter these claims: Take the claimed inflation number over a period of time and calculate the net multiple. Then run a reality check on something like a $500,000 house or a $5 hamburger. There’s one prolific website and author who claims the “true” inflation rate is some number like 11% going back decades. If you do the math, that means something purchased 50 years ago in 1975 would cost 185 times less. A $1,000,000 home today would have been $5,400 in 1975 and a $5 hamburger today would have been less than $0.03. Obviously these numbers don’t work, so you can discard the author’s claim. Actual inflation numbers over long periods are very sensitive to small changes due to compounding. Even over a 10 year period. When you see someone claiming dramatically different results, run a quick math check. Also be careful for the cherry pickers: They’ll identify one or two outlier year-over-year jumps (eggs during COVID, home prices during a housing rush, insurance prices in a city after a fire) and try to use those as their basis. |
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| ▲ | username332211 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | At the risk of defending quackery, most claims about inflation being inaccurate involve the changes made to CPI estimations in 1996. I'll go as far as to say I've never heard any claim that is inaccurate going back to the 1970s. | | |
| ▲ | vel0city 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Still, if the "real" inflation rate was ~10% starting in 1996 then a $5 burger today supposedly cost ~$0.30 in 1996. A lot of soda vending machines will sell a 20oz bottle of soda for ~$2.50. Were soda vending machines selling bottles of soda for $0.15 back then? No. | | |
| ▲ | cpburns2009 5 days ago | parent | next [-] | | I distinctly remember McDonald's regular hamburgers costing around $0.30-0.40 in the mid '90s which costs around $4 now. | | |
| ▲ | vel0city 5 days ago | parent [-] | | McDonald's regular hamburgers don't cost anywhere near $4 for most people. A hamburger at the McDonald's down the street from me costs $1.59. A cheeseburger costs $1.79. A double cheeseburger costs $2.79. A Quarter Pounder w/Cheese meal today is ~$8 today, in the 90s it was ~$3. I remember you could get two cheeseburgers for a dollar in the late 90s, so ~$0.50. The inflation rate for something to go from $0.50 to $1.79 that's a 4.5% inflation rate, still quite a way off from people's arguments of 10%. And for the QPC meal comparison, that's ~3.3%. Higher than 2% for sure, but its also a single restaurant comparison on a single item here where its highest cost component (beef patty) has experienced overall higher rates of inflation compared to most other things. A restaurant that many people feel has gone up in price more than expectations of the rest of prices. Link for the $3 90's price for a QPC:
https://wealthgang.com/mcdonalds-prices-throughout-the-years... |
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| ▲ | bombcar 5 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Guys and Dolls has 15 cent hot dogs advertised in one of the shots. Gas station hot dogs are about $1.50 now. Which is less than I’d have expected it to be, to be honest. | | |
| ▲ | vel0city 5 days ago | parent [-] | | For a good to go from ~$0.15 to ~$1.50 from 1930 to 2025, the annual inflation rate would be... ...about 2.45% per year. And I'd probably take a 2025 hotdog over a 1930 hotdog, there's been a lot of food safety regulations passed since. |
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| ▲ | deeg 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Good response. I might suggest not using housing because so many people treat it like an investment, which means its value goes up faster than inflation (if it's a good investment). But otherwise I totally agree with you. | | |
| ▲ | kingofmen 6 days ago | parent [-] | | > its value goes up Its price goes up. "Price is what you pay, value is what you get"; houses do not increase in value over time. |
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| ▲ | Workaccount2 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| The defence budget is America's job program. Very little of the money that is defense spending ends up in defense shareholder pockets. The overwhemling vast majority goes to propping up America's (now) anemic industrial base. Remember that virtually all defense dollars are constrained to only be spent on American made things and services. And most of money sent to the big contractors goes to the gazillion sub-contractors they use. This is why the defense budget is never cut. By anyone red or blue. It's a funnel of money that can be pointed at any location in the US and give a bunch of decent full benefits jobs. |
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| ▲ | landtuna 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | The US defense budget, as a percentage of GDP, has been cut a huge amount!
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ms.mil.xpnd.gd.zs?locat... If you don't think it makes sense to scale it by GDP (though I do), then in real terms it has gone through cycles since 1965, with definite periods of decrease, even though the overall trend is upward:
https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/edgraph.html | |
| ▲ | mbfg 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | I believe less than a quarter of the defense budget is for salaries and compensations. | | |
| ▲ | abtinf 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | All spending everywhere is essentially “salaries and compensation”. It’s not like you get to the end of the supply chain and suddenly are paying God. Money always goes to people. | | |
| ▲ | lukas099 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | I don't agree. If I dig a hole in my yard and find a huge chunk of gold, when I sell it very little of what I charge will be for my labor. Also, even if you're right, the "salaries and compensation" of anyone outside the U.S. are effectively NOT that, since the thing in question is whether defense spending is mostly a jobs program. | | |
| ▲ | 9rx 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | > when I sell it very little of what I charge will be for my labor. That's debatable. Without the labor input the product doesn't exist as far as the market knows. However, if you want to discount the labor portion, which is an equally valid take, it remains that what was said was “salaries and compensation”. Any compensation you receive for giving up the gold in your possession was already recognized. As said earlier, the exchanged value doesn't go to God, it goes to people. > since the thing in question is whether defense spending
is mostly a jobs program. You can certainly play a game of semantics here, but generally "job" in this type of context refers to any kind of economic role, not necessarily direct labor. "It is my job to provide gold to the world" doesn't imply that you are the one doing the actual extraction. The significance of "job programs" is in offering opportunity to derive an income, not to give opportunity to strain muscles. | |
| ▲ | Workaccount2 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | >when I sell it very little of what I charge will be for my labor. No, almost all of it would cover your labor. What you are describing is winning the lottery, which isn't really useful since it is a rounding error of possible scenarios. A "Having a career is meaningless because you can just win the lotto instead" kind of scenario. In reality you would be digging for ages in your yard to find a nugget of gold. If you went to a place with gold to dig, you would be a gold miner, and no, it's not easy money, go ask them. |
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| ▲ | frankbreetz 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Profit would fall into an entirely different category then "salaries and compensation" | | |
| ▲ | abtinf 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Certainly. So would materials expenses and theft and insurance and so forth. But the confusion is that somehow, money not spent on “salaries and compensation” doesn’t go to people. All of it goes to people. Defense spending isn’t buying “defense”, it’s buying time and effort for people to focus on and produce defense related things. This is the root of the original post that defense spending is a jobs program. | | |
| ▲ | ffsm8 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | > All of it goes to people That's just straight up false. It goes to legal entities, some of which are people. Companies aren't people mate, and neither are investment funds. The money might still be managed by people, but that cannot be called salary, even if you're stretching the definition. | | |
| ▲ | abtinf 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | For the sake of argument, let’s assume everything you said is true. Would you agree if I reworded my statement to “ultimately, all money eventually flows to people, whether for their labor or due to their ownership of the entities receiving the money”? | | |
| ▲ | ffsm8 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Ownership is a legal concept, you could even call it fictional. So yes, all transactions can be linked be back to individuals, if you ignore all details and make some gigantic leaps of faith... But what's the insight? Are we just doing philosophy like in ancient Greece? |
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| ▲ | lukas099 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | But companies are owned by people. As are funds. |
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| ▲ | frankbreetz 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | yes, but "salaries and compensation" are people doing work, and profit gets paid to shareholders. Most people would agree that the bulk of taxpayer dollars should go to working people and not shareholders, these are two entirely different categories.
All of it goes to people, is such a reduction. We could just cut a check to Elon Musk and claim "All of goes to people". It is important to establish the difference, between paying people for labor and giving people money in the form of profit. |
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| ▲ | 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | [deleted] | |
| ▲ | monkeyelite 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | But when you get to the end of the supply chain the US gov has very little control of who is getting that money. It’s not an obvious stimulus for US citizens, and in fact taking resources that would benefit other US ventures. | |
| ▲ | estearum 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Well, really at rock bottom all payments go into land rent. | | |
| ▲ | lukas099 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Sounds interesting but I'm having a hard time wrapping my mind around that. Would you care to elaborate? |
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| ▲ | Workaccount2 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | That is only for people in the DoD. Almost nothing that the DoD uses is made by the DoD. It's pretty much all 3rd party contractors, and those contractors handle paying their employees. | |
| ▲ | Yokolos 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | https://usafacts.org/answers/how-much-does-the-us-spend-on-d... 22%. But operations also includes civilian salaries and procurement naturally includes the labor required to produce what was procured. I would assume that R&D also includes research grants and salaries. | | |
| ▲ | OrvalWintermute 6 days ago | parent [-] | | the current number is around 12.5% of the federal budget (2025 Administration budget, discretionary & non-discretionary). |
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| ▲ | Aurornis 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | The companies that build and supply things for the military have to pay salaries and compensation, too. | |
| ▲ | gruez 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Presumably that's only for DoD employees and people serving in the armed forces? It doesn't include defense contractor salaries. | |
| ▲ | micromacrofoot 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | they're not burning the money, it all goes into someone's pocket |
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| ▲ | atomicnumber3 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | It is also kind of handy that we get aircraft carriers out of it too. Mind you, I'm a socialist, so like, I personally wish we could move a bunch of the "jobs program" stuff over so that instead of carriers, we get well-educated, fed, and cared-for children and good medical care for all, and stuff like that. And that if we want a certain number of aircraft carriers, we should just try to actually get that many carriers on purpose for the cost that building the carriers entails. Without also trying to do 10 million other things on top of it to the point that the carrier output is a side-effect. But like, it's probably better than no carriers at all, which is how it's going for lots of other countries. So I guess that's something to hold on to. |
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| ▲ | andsoitis 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > Over the years I have read a few articles or blogs that make the argument that if government inflation figures in the US were calculated as they do in Europe, then our reported US inflation figures would be much higher. Can anyone here verify this? Your question at the end suggests those blogs and articles didn’t include compelling evidence for the case they were making. If true, then it is worth reconsidering whether it makes sense to incorporate into your world view. |
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| ▲ | monkeyelite 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | That’s because consumer inflation is subjective. You can choose which goods and data point represent personal experience. As you well know the government uses “hedonic adjustment” which is when they say a car in 2025 is so much better that a car in 1980 that higher prices should be reduced to reflect that better good. A different model is that you need A car to participate in society so even if it’s better we just raised to the cost to exist. | |
| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Good point. How do you gather information? I split my time about half each reading US news and news from other countries. There are a few people I find believable like Dr. Jeffrey Sachs and retired congressman Ron Paul (these two guys are quite different politically) and I will listen to each of them once or twice a month, just to occasionally get non-mainstream news viewpoints. | | |
| ▲ | jack_h 6 days ago | parent [-] | | If you're truly curious I would say the best way to start is to get a basic understanding of economics and how our current system actually operates. It's also important to look up the data as it actually exists rather than consuming conclusions from commentators without investigating further. For instance your initial post seems to imply that we aren't balancing our defense vs social spending and are spending way too much on the former. However, that doesn't align with our current outlays. If you check out the latest US Treasury report the outlays for the current fiscal year shows $1314bn for Social Security, $841bn for interest payments on the debt, $823bn for medicare, $805bn for health, and $758bn for defense. The primary driver of debt in the future will be the entitlement programs and interest. Of course the unfortunate reality is that most people do not have the time to learn about everything and do their own research so we will always rely on others to some extent for our information. The danger is when your world view fills in the gaps of knowledge you lack combined with the facts you believe you know taken from someone else who may be mistaken, misleading, or outright lying. | | |
| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Just my opinion (but I did work in the defense industry from 1974 to 1998), but I just don’t believe the published ~ 800 billion defense spending numbers. A few presidents ago, the chairman of the joint chiefs publicly said that 7 trillion in military spending is unaccounted for. Also, I admit to getting much of my information from professor Dr. Jeffrey Sachs, an economist. I took an online economics class from Wharton business school, specifically on the economics of globalization. Fascinating stuff. Anecdotal, but as a hobby for the last 20 years, I enjoy comparing the coverage of major news and economics stories in USA vs. other countries. | | |
| ▲ | vel0city 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | > 7 trillion in military spending is unaccounted for If someone gave me $100, and I handled it without keeping track, that's $100 not accounted for. But we do know that I was given $100, and the money went somewhere we just don't know where. But it doesn't necessarily mean that this was shadow money outside of the larger picture budgets, people still know I was given $100. Its not like now there's somehow $200 spent because I was given $100 and I failed to account for $100. So thinking about the $800B defense budget, if they fail to properly track $150B of that budget, that's another $150B added to that pile of unaccounted for money. But its not an extra $150B that got spent, its still a part of that $800B. | |
| ▲ | jack_h 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | > A few presidents ago, the chairman of the joint chiefs publicly said that 7 trillion in military spending is unaccounted for. You're likely referring to the fact that the pentagon can't pass an audit even though there have been requirements going back to the 90s. That's more about tracking where the money they spent is going as opposed to the total quantity of money they are spending though, i.e. the $800bn is "accurate" but some portion of it may have vanished due to bad accounting, corruption, waste, fraud, etc... Having said that any accounting for an entity the size of the US government is non-trivial. The numbers I stated above are not the final numbers. Firstly because it's YTD but also because of the complexity in the accounting. We have decades of trend lines and a lot of public data on tax receipts, bond auctions, and the like to know that defense spending isn't drastically different than what is being reported though. If you have any analysis that concludes otherwise I would enjoy reading it. | |
| ▲ | 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | [deleted] |
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| ▲ | 9rx 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > I have read a few articles or blogs that make the argument that if government inflation figures in the US were calculated as they do in Europe, then our reported US inflation figures would be much higher. Do you mean the other way around? The EU headline inflation rate doesn't include costs of owning a home like the US' does (owner's equivalent rent), which, as you might have guessed if you have ever wanted to own a home, is a component that has been quite inflationary, at least as far as recent memory goes. Or maybe those blogs were talking about some point a long time ago when that component pulled the US figures down (e.g. during the last housing crash)? What specific details did they give? |
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| ▲ | leogiertz 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | This is actually quite interesting. I ran into Stefan Ingves on the street in Stockholm, the former Governor of the Swedish Riksbank, and asked him why the Swedish inflation calculations did not include housing prices. The short answer is that they're waiting on a harmonised EU wide system for that will include housing in some measure, but that has been taking longer than expected and they didn't want to change the system in Sweden before the new system was finished... Quite frustrating given the massive increase in housing prices since '08. Would probably have been much lower with a higher interest rate. | |
| ▲ | FirmwareBurner 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Exactly. Don't know about all of Europe, but I find the way inflation is calculated in the countries i lived here as bad faith since it intentionally omits housing costs. So just like a commenter below said, I haven't seen a single country where I spent any significant amount of time, where official inflation numbers were not seeing as a complete joke by the common folks. Everyone unanimously agreed the numbers are gamed in order to control public opinion. I've also seen a lot of gaslighting from politicians with mental gymnastics on how the population is not poor but actually rich because "look how many (Asian made)washing machines you can buy with an average salary here today, while for previous generations this type of items was a luxury". Yeah mate, my parent could barely afford a European made washing machine, but they could afford their own house at age 25-30, working jobs that required litte education. Must be all that avocado toast to blame. | | |
| ▲ | 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | [deleted] | |
| ▲ | Al-Khwarizmi 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Yes. I'm from Spain, and here housing rental costs are included in inflation... but they're a 4% of the index. Which is laughable, as most people are spending more like 30%-50% of their income on rent. The rationale is that most people (read: people over 50 or 60) live in houses they own, those spend 0 on rental, so if you calculate the average expenditure on rental, it's low. And buying houses counts as an "investment" so it's not included. So basically what you say: totally gamed. |
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| ▲ | giantg2 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| US vs Europe inflation
https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/05/art3full.pdf "balance between true defense spending and healthy spending like feeding and educating children, infrastructure, R&D that helps society, etc." Spending does not equal outcomes. There doesn't need to be a spending balance, but there should be an outcomes balance. We can see this with school funding. There are some schools that are underfunded and underperform, but there are also schools with adequate funding that underperform lower funded schools. The implication that you are making is that we could fix things just by cutting back military spending. However, we are also leaders in some of the areas you mention already, such as R&D. The Pentagon fails their audits frequently and should be trimmed down in areas that it makes sense. However, just shifting that money to education isn't going to make that much of an impact. |
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| ▲ | infecto 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| Had trouble following your core point. Do you have references regarding 900 bases with many bordering China. I have never seen such figures or that they border China. |
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| ▲ | 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | [deleted] | |
| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Google Gemini 2.5 Pro just estimated 200 military bases close to China (I used “close” in my prompt, not very precise, so that number is likely including bases in the general area.) Gemini estimated 750 to 800 total military bases. | | |
| ▲ | vancroft 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Al Jazeera reports around 750 US military bases, across the world but concentrated in Europe, Japan and South Korea, and the Middle East. Not quite bordering China. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/10/infographic-us-mili... | | |
| ▲ | infecto 6 days ago | parent [-] | | This is not wrong but the term base is click baity but probably an accepted definition from the pentagon. It’s include all facilities no matter or large or small and even those that are part of another base but not on the main campus. It’s almost like a count of buildings. | | |
| ▲ | abtinf 6 days ago | parent [-] | | I haven’t checked, but I would guess this number even includes things like NSA outposts (since NSA is part of DoD) and embassies (which are protected by Marines). | | |
| ▲ | infecto 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | While that may be true, if I understand correctly the typical “base” number is effectively down to a structure. So if you have a radar station in Japan that has a handful of employees and they report up to one of the larger complexes, that counts as a base. It is conflating imo with what people picture as a base. | |
| ▲ | dgfitz 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Generally, intelligence officers/employees (such as people who work at NSA) deploy to bases, or FOBs. I'm sure there are a handful of "NSA outposts" but this isn't generally how it works. | | |
| ▲ | abtinf 6 days ago | parent [-] | | I’m thinking of things like Room 641A. Is that regarded as a base? | | |
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| ▲ | infecto 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Hmmm let’s clear this up because the way you write is extremely click baity. I believe those higher numbers are less a military base and better thought of as a facility. They could be a small housing facility, radio station etc. it’s a valid number but I think base is probably not the right way to describe. When you say China that is incredibly disingenuous. If we said Asia yeah sure and that is effectively Japan and Korea. Now let’s think about it more in terms of major bases/complexes. We are looking at maybe 25 in and around Japan and 10 for Korea. Still not a small number but I think a very different mental picture than 900 bases mostly around China. Also worth nothing that’s probably around 80k people deployed in those two countries. | |
| ▲ | dgfitz 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | So no, no sources. | |
| ▲ | sjsdaiuasgdia 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Why would you think those are good sources for a question like this? | | |
| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent [-] | | maybe I am wrong to do this, but I run Gemini 2.5 Pro in ‘research mode’, ask a question I am interested in, wait usually about 2 to 4 minutes and Gemini summarizes a large number of sources for me. I think there is a lot of bias everywhere, and I thought that this sort of averages some of the noise away. I think grandparent comments about what constitutes a military base vs. a facility are interesting. I was a defense contractor from 1974 to 1998, and it seemed like all the US bases I visited were very large, but some of the NATO bases I visited were much smaller. Sorry to be anecdotal here, just explaining my own experiences. | | |
| ▲ | sjsdaiuasgdia 6 days ago | parent [-] | | I've had too many lies told to me by all of these "AI" tools to trust anything I don't already know to be true without verifying the referenced sources myself. At that point, if I'm giving the information to anyone else, I might as well communicate the sources rather than an AI's impression of the sources. There's just no value add to me beyond identifying potential sources in "research mode". | | |
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| ▲ | rafram 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | This is not useful. |
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| ▲ | zug_zug 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| I can't speak to this, but I suspect something is afoot. I know my mom went to a university that she paid for with a part-time job while a student. Currently that university's tuition is 80,000 a year. When I looked at what inflation figures said for college education, it wasn't enough to account for that 10x+ increase. |
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| ▲ | Aurornis 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | > Currently that university's tuition is 80,000 a year. University tuition is a known example of an extreme inflation outlier. The cause is also known: The availability of loan dollars and the laws preventing their discharge in bankruptcy. Tuition figures are also misleading because almost nobody pays that number. The tuition number is the maximum possible amount someone could pay without financial assistance, but when you look at the numbers you would be surprised to see that often 80% or more of students have some financial assistance. At many universities now, students with families below certain income levels have tuition adjusted down to $0. You can’t judge university prices by the number on the website any more. | | |
| ▲ | zug_zug 3 days ago | parent [-] | | My point is that it's part of the standard basket and the rate they allegedly calculated for its growth didn't match up to lived experience. |
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| ▲ | apical_dendrite 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Most US students don't go to selective private universities that charge $80,000 a year (and most students at those universities don't pay $80,000 a year). Only about a quarter of students go to private universities and most of those are not particularly selective. Most students go to state schools that are a lot cheaper and where tuition is subject to different economic forces. You can't decide that official inflation figures are inaccurate based on a specific, outlier example, when the official figures are based on averages. | | |
| ▲ | vel0city 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Also, the list prices for tuition and what the average student actually pays out of pocket in the end can be two very different figures after grants and scholarships come into play. And yes, absolutely, $80k a year in tuition is a massive outlier. Average in-state university tuition is closer to $12k-13k/yr, before grants and scholarships. The extreme majority of US undergraduates aren't shelling out $80k/yr for tuition payments. |
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| ▲ | saghm 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | That's wild, I had no idea they had gotten that high. When I was in college (2012-2016), the most expensive places were in the $50k-60k range, which already was quite absurd. The fact that they've grown so much even in the past decade is mind-boggling. | | |
| ▲ | Aurornis 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | You entered college over a decade ago. We’ve had a lot of inflation in that time. From an inflation adjusted perspective, I’d actually rather pay $80K now than to have had to pay $60K in 2016 when you graduated. You also probably know that most students don’t pay full price due to sliding scales. | | |
| ▲ | saghm 6 days ago | parent [-] | | I understand. I just didn't really have any other expenditures anywhere close to that high at the time; I've never purchased a car, and like most college students, I certainly never purchased a house back then. I hadn't paid much attention to tuition prices since graduating, so seeing the number now made the inflation feel much more visceral to me than comparing the prices I can recall of much less expensive things I purchasing to what they are now. |
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| ▲ | whimsicalism 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | $80k is basically $60k in 2012 dollars |
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| ▲ | chasd00 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | as far as college education prices go, there's no ceiling on education prices because there's no risk to lenders, they can lend as much as they want with no risk. As long as young people feel there isn't an alternative to a college education and risk to lenders is close to zero then there is no limit to what colleges can charge. | |
| ▲ | outside1234 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Many more people want to go to university now yet we haven't increased the supply of quality universities. I suspect this is also bimodal as well. The top universities can charge this, but the bottom probably are struggling to survive. | |
| ▲ | 9rx 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Inflation seeks to understand the change in value of a currency, not the change in value of a good or service. College being worth more (in the eyes of the customer), rather than the currency being worth less, is what accounts for the 10x increase. I don't know how old your mom is, but it wasn't that long ago that people only went to college if they had good reason to, not because they were told they "had to" under the "A diamond is forever"-style marketing campaign. That shift in mindset enabled colleges to charge basically whatever they want. That is not a product of inflation. | | |
| ▲ | gosub100 6 days ago | parent [-] | | People didn't need to go to college before the death of the middle class. A couple generations ago you could rent an apartment and have a decent life working at a restaurant or warehouse or factory. Now most entry level jobs pay poverty level wages. | | |
| ▲ | 9rx 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | People didn't need to go to college because nobody cared. Employers were able to look at qualities of the actual person, not some outside attribute bolted onto the side. What changed was Griggs vs. Duke, which outlawed effectively all filtering mechanisms except a college degree, forcing the hand of employers. That still didn't mean the workers had to comply, though. What do you think would happen, with respect to employment, if nobody attained a college degree? Not much. "Welp, no more college graduates. I guess we'd better shut our business down." would be said by nobody. Hiring would carry on as usual (aside from the lines possibly being longer, there being no legal mechanism to cull applicants early). But colleges certainly took the opportunity to present that idea and the people bought it hook, line, and sinker. | | |
| ▲ | amanaplanacanal 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | That's not true though. We keep hearing about coding tests given to applicants in high tech, and those are still legal. The decision said that the test had to be reasonably related to the job, not that they couldn't be used. | | |
| ▲ | 9rx 6 days ago | parent [-] | | > We keep hearing about coding tests given to applicants in high tech, and those are still legal. I was referring to pre-engagement. Those coding tests are generally only given after an applicant has shown enough potential to give them the time of day. Whereas employers with tens of thousands of resumes on their desk look for a way, as to not overwhelm the process, to throw most of them out before opening lines of communication with the person. That was "No degree, garbage it goes". But yes, now that everyone and their brother has a degree, this doesn't work so well nowadays, which is why employers are quickly moving back to not caring about degrees — as you observed with said coding tests trying to stand in as a replacement. But there was that time in even more recent history... I also said "effectively". There are technically other ways, yes, but they aren't all that practical at scale which is why a degree was settled on as the de facto solution, at least during the time it was effective. |
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| ▲ | gosub100 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | A 1970 court case doesn't explain why my childhood friends' parents could afford to own 3 bedroom houses and have 1-2 kids while working at chain restaurants, distribution centers, and hospitality. This was in the 1990s. People cannot have this life now with the same jobs. Even with college degrees, it's barely attainable. People are doing the same amount of work but what would have been their wages are being diverted to the rich. To the point that they can barely afford to survive. | | |
| ▲ | 9rx 6 days ago | parent [-] | | That is explained by housing also becoming more valuable. It wasn't that long ago that owning a house was considered a necessary evil at best, not the path to riches as it is recognized as today. Historically, you were lucky if you got your money back out of a house when you decided to sell it. Nowadays, if one doesn't get a double digit percentage return on investment they are crying like it is the end of the world. That shift in mindset allows homeowners to charge more when they sell their home[1]. That is not a product of inflation. [1] Which also further perpetuates the idea of housing being an investment with said homeowner realizing a tidy return in that ability to charge more, which sees even more people wanting in on the action so that they too can make a fortune; lather, rinse, repeat. | | |
| ▲ | gosub100 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Yes, it became "more valuable" to corporations that want to extract wealth from them instead of living inside them. Another way for the wealthy to extract wealth from the poor. | | |
| ▲ | vel0city 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Its not just corporations wanting to extract this wealth. Go to a city council meeting and see the people arguing against increasing density and housing availability. Its not corpo suits, its crowds of old boomers. Its not like only corporations can be selfish. Home ownership rate today is pretty much the same today as it was in the 1970s, its slightly higher. |
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| ▲ | amanaplanacanal 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | This has probably been suppressing prices for the last few decades. Inflation numbers would look even worse if the pay in those kinds of jobs has continued. People want lower prices for everything, no matter the cost to workers. | | |
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| ▲ | Thorrez 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| If the US dollar was being devalued faster than reported, and the Euro wasn't, wouldn't that be visible in the exchange rate? |
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| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent [-] | | I think Europe has worse financial problems than we do. | | |
| ▲ | Thorrez 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Ok. But we can look at the inflation rate that the US reports, and the inflation rate that the EU reports. Then compare the ratio of those to how the exchange rate changes. I don't see how having financial problems would make this comparison invalid. | |
| ▲ | 9rx 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | That might be an explanation for as to why the inflation figures are what they are, but the math described above wouldn't change. If one currency is quickly being devalued while another isn't, it is going to be obvious when you try to exchange those currencies. | |
| ▲ | panki27 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Who is we? | | | |
| ▲ | piva00 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Europe != EU != Eurozone. |
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| ▲ | abtinf 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| When you make insane claims like “the US has 900 military bases close to China”, you discredit yourself and your entire body of work. |
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| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Please quote me correctly. I said: “” If you look at a map of our military bases, we have many bordering China. I think our total number is close to 900.”” I intended to say 900 in the entire world, but I corrected that in a comment to 750-900. | |
| ▲ | 4fterd4rk 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | They didn't say that. Your reading comprehension is poor. | | |
| ▲ | abtinf 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | > If you look at a map of our military bases, we have many bordering China. I think our total number is close to 900. I would grant them the benefit of the doubt if English wasn’t their native language, but they’d identified as a US citizen elsewhere in the thread and their name strongly implies native speakership. In the US, this conversational construction in this context is most reasonably interpreted as the second sentence completing the thought in the first. If a manager asks an employee “how many dents are on the bumber?” A response of “I think the total number is close to 900”, that would be in reference to just the dents on the bumper, not all over the car. Also, elsewhere in the thread, they’ve acknowledged they simply made the number up (by just repeating what a GPT said). | | |
| ▲ | layer8 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | The sentence starts with “If you look at a map of our military bases”, which refers to all US military bases, not just the ones bordering China. The second sentence refers to that totality of bases. I’d grant that there is a bit of ambiguity, but insinuating an “insane claim” is jumping the gun on a misreading that should have been fairly obvious in light of the “insanity”. | |
| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | No, I asked Gemini 2.5 Pro in ‘deep research’ mode to give me an estimate. |
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| ▲ | infecto 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Perhaps English is not your native language. It at best comes across that many of the 900 are surrounding China and at worst that the 900 is referring to China. | | |
| ▲ | keybored 6 days ago | parent [-] | | > > Our main problems involve under the table unreported to the public military expenditures. If you look at a map of our military bases, we have many bordering China. “Many” could be dozens or hundreds or over half. It’s poorly phrased to the point of being meaningless. > > I think our total number is close to 900. Total in the world. | | |
| ▲ | infecto 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Glad you read it that way. The OP wrote it with a narrative of China which is already perplexing since we are mostly talking about Korean and Japanese bases but framing it as around China. You could read it either way. It’s poorly worded and click baity. |
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| ▲ | 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | [deleted] |
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| ▲ | timcambrant 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| American consumer debt is also a different beast in the US because households tend to counter inflation and higher prices by shifting over their monthly spending to credit cards. Most Europeans use credit only for certain goods and mostly pay the full amount off every month. This creates an elasticity in the US, where inflation leads to higher prices which slowly leads to higher household debt, which makes recessions more grave when they do appear. Europeans are instead quicker to move to cheaper stores and start buying cheaper goods in bulk. |
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| ▲ | klooney 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > Eventually countries that don't spend most of their treasure on their military will win. Stipulating that they don't get eaten by their bigger neighbors. We're going to miss the Pax Americana. |
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| ▲ | Al-Khwarizmi 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > Eventually countries that don't spend most of their treasure on their military will win. Being from Europe, I wish. But for now, it doesn't seem to be the case. Your military power basically allows you to bully Europe and many others, tell us what to buy and whom to buy it from, which is an enormous economic advantage. You just made our puny European leaders promise an enormous investment in the US defense industry in the moment where we would need to propel our own industry the most (it probably won't materialize, but still, we'll spend at least some of it because most of our leaders don't want to be in a bad standing with the US). You are also bullying us into signing contracts with inferior American suppliers rather than Huawei, among many other things. All of this happens mainly due to the US's disproportionate military power. Meanwhile, you can afford having a president who is borderline illiterate (and actually makes binding decisions) without the economy even meaningfully sinking (stocks at historical maximums). So spending in the military seems to actually be a good choice, unfortunately. |
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| ▲ | sleepyguy 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| >Eventually countries that don't spend most of their treasure on their military will win. There has to be a balance between true defense spending and healthy spending like feeding and educating children, infrastructure, R&D that helps society, etc. Ask Ukraine how that worked out for them. While your at it, tell the Baltics they should focus on society and not the Russian world that is coming for them. |
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| ▲ | rsynnott 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| The US and EU have reported broadly similar inflation numbers for the last five years or so, with the EU generally being a little lower. If your thing was true, you'd expect a vast gulf in prices to have opened up, but it doesn't really seem to have. Anecdotally, I was in SF once or twice a year for a few years before the pandemic, and it felt like mostly similar prices to Dublin (an expensive European city). I've also been back a few times since the pandemic, and it now feels somewhat more expensive than Dublin, but not dramatically. Which is about what you'd expect if the official inflation figures were broadly correct. Obviously this is super-anecdotal, mind you. |
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| ▲ | GreedClarifies 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| Fred has the data: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CP0000EZ19M086NEST# https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SUUR0000SA0 I’m driving, it’s difficult to put them on the same chart and normalize. But they are very similar. There are differences in methodology (housing, healthcare) but those generally add a small amount to US inflation chained index vs HICP. |
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| ▲ | layer8 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | You read and post on HN while driving? | |
| ▲ | mulmen 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Put your phone it down before you kill someone. You’re taking an indefensible risk. | |
| ▲ | CalRobert 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Please don’t use your phone while driving. |
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| ▲ | hshdhdhj4444 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| What does debt have to do with the calculation of inflation? It may impact inflation but you seem to be claiming debt is a component of inflation calculation, when inflation is little more than the change in prices. |
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| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | Thanks for pointing out something: I didn’t mean that debt is a component of CPI. Interest on 37 trillion in US government debt as well as huge consumer debt certainly is a long (and short term?) drag on the economy, but I accept your point that I don’t understand the correlation. I have a simplistic way of thinking about the economy: I tend to view things as being healthy or unhealthy to the economic well being of all people in my country. In general, hiding information from the public is not healthy. Look, this is just my opinion, but I believe that our government is in the business of hiding information from the public; the government (both political parties) exists in its present form to protect and nurture the special interests who pay them off one way or another. | |
| ▲ | phkahler 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | >> What does debt have to do with the calculation of inflation? Debt isn't a component of inflation calculation but they are related. During Covid the US government increased the deficit (not debt, the derivative of debt) by a trillion dollars (no partisan stuff here, Trump did it first and then Biden). The infusion of money into the economy was one of the drivers of inflation between 2021 and 2025. You may ask, where did the money come from? I don't know. The government "borrowed" it, but from whom I don't know. Money "invested" does not necessarily get into the economy, but money invested in treasury bond gets spend by the government and definitely ends up in the economy. I would love to have time (get paid?) to sit around and develop useful economic models. All I ever see is people offering simple cause and effect relationships (like I did above) without showing anything close to what I would consider a reasonable model of the economy. | | |
| ▲ | seanmcdirmid 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Technically speaking, the deficit peaked in 2020, fell a hit in 2021, and then fell a lot more in 2022, and then rose a bit in 2023 and 2024. The deficit on 2025 Inauguration Day was way smaller than on 2021 in Inauguration Day, so I’m not sure it would be fair to claim that Biden increased the deficit. See the graph at https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/americas-finance-guide/natio... Downvotes on this are weird, it’s just basic math (the deficit bar in 2025 is way lower than the deficit bar in 2021). I get FoxNews thinking math is a liberal conspiracy, but not HN. | | |
| ▲ | RobAtticus 6 days ago | parent [-] | | While true, there is another nuance missing here. The deficit was higher in 2020 & 2021 due to the Covid stimulus spending. Looking at 2017-2019 for Trump and 2022-2024 for Biden probably gives a fairer picture of what happened during both presidencies. It's basically been an upward trend since 2015, excluding the Covid outliers. | | |
| ▲ | seanmcdirmid 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Yes, that’s why I prefaced my comment with “technically.” To claim Biden grew the deficit, you would have to explain that COVID was some sort of exception and then argue that it still grew in spirit (rather than technically). Although without COVID Trump was definitely still on track to have significantly raised the deficit since it was falling in most years under Obama compared to 2008/2009 (before COVID he grew the deficit significantly with his first round of tax cuts, just like he just did with the big beautiful bill), and it isn’t clear that Biden would have diverged from Obama without COVID around. |
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| ▲ | hibikir 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| It's a very difficult belief to have in the long run, because if the source of the "error" is always in one direction, it will compound to price level differences impossible to hide. It's like the traditional view on GDP growth. Be a little slower than a similar country (say 0.5% a year) wait 20 years, and your formerly similar neighbor now sees your country as quite poor. |
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| ▲ | danans 6 days ago | parent [-] | | And yet many less-rich countries have better infrastructure and health outcomes than the US. It seems clear that chasing GDP without also considering what is happening to wealth distribution has socially hollowed the otherwise-rich US. |
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| ▲ | Simon_O_Rourke 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > Eventually countries that don't spend most of their treasure on their military will win. Win what exactly? |
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| ▲ | whimsicalism 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| Secret defense spending would not and should not impact inflation numbers except in so far as it impacts the already measured consumer basket, the US does not have 900 military bases near China, etc. etc. Just not a very good comment in my view. |
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| ▲ | terminalshort 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| It's like 3% of GDP. Not that big of a deal. |
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| ▲ | christianqchung 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > Our main problems involve under the table unreported to the public military expenditures. This is a common claim but I don't think it's supported. Defense spending is about 3.3% of GDP [0]. 15 years ago it was 4.9%, 40 years ago it was 6.45%, and it hit almost 10% in 1967 during peak spending in the Vietnam war. World War 2 made it around 35%. Also, what does unreported mean? Are you claiming that there is a significant amount of money being spent that isn't part of the reported military budget? How much? Defense spending was about 13% of the government budget in 2024 [1]. > If you look at a map of our military bases, we have many bordering China. I think our total number is close to 900. How much do those cost? I understand the claim is a lot, but how much? If you don't know, why pick this as an example? > Those costs are a bleeding hemorage to the middle class tax payer who aren’t getting a cut of military profiteering because they don’t own ‘defense’ stocks. Defense stocks have not performed better relative to the Dow Jones. Raytheon stock has increased 5-fold since 1985 while the Dow has increased 33-fold over the same period. If defense was easy money, you'd see hedge funds loading up on it year on year. These companies aren't valued that much. Raytheon is valued at 208B [2], which is less than McDonalds, Nestle, T-Mobile, AMD, Home Depot, and Costco individually. > Eventually countries that don't spend most of their treasure on their military will win. There has to be a balance between true defense spending and healthy spending like feeding and educating children, infrastructure, R&D that helps society, etc. I agree with this, but given that America only spends 13% of the budget on the department of defense, your own claim is claiming an American win. In 2021 the American Rescue Plan induced a giant amount of domestic welfare spending plans such as almost doubling the child tax credit. This was a tremendously expensive plan that cut child poverty in half, but people didn't feel strongly enough to successfully pressure politicians to keep it, which does seem pretty frustrating to me. Also, I see you're using AI for sources below. Feed your comment into GPT 5 thinking and ask for an opinion, because it apparently thinks your inflation claim is completely reversed. [0] https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/usa/uni... [1] https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/americas-finance-guide/feder... [2] https://companiesmarketcap.com/ |
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| ▲ | kingkawn 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| The Pentagon’s informal name for those bases is “the Noose.” |
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| ▲ | mlinhares 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| Defense stocks are shit to own, you only make money by buying up politicians and landing large contracts. |
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| ▲ | queuebert 6 days ago | parent [-] | | In other words, comparatively little of their profits are returned to shareholders. Insiders are making money, but the rest of us are shut out? | | |
| ▲ | grim_io 6 days ago | parent [-] | | It means that the infamous military industrial complex does not exist in its fabled money printing form. Turns out, the US government is very demanding and stingy with its money for what it ultimately gets. |
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| ▲ | ttemPumpinRary 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
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| ▲ | anjel 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| https://www.shadowstats.com/
Tl;Dr. The outlook has changed little. ShadowStats numbers show that the economy remains in a deepening downturn, intensified by ongoing Federal Reserve Rate Hikes. Headline inflation faces a near-term rebound, thanks to the continuing and broadly based excessive growth in the Money Supply and Systemic Liquidity, as triggered by the Fed. Separately, with the Debt Ceiling now eliminated by Congress and the Executive Branch, unfettered Federal Deficit Spending increasingly is adding fuel to the unfolding Inflation. The systemic Inflation is not driven by the Fed’s proclaimed overheating economy. Such an economy simply does not exist, at present. |
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| ▲ | mikeyouse 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Shadow stats is a crank blog with absolutely no validity. Choose your debunking source, but the owner of the blog literally just adds an amount to the official rate that he thinks represents the government error. There’s no calculation, there’s no “pre-1980 methodology”, just one dude’s vibes. If the rate has averaged 9% over the past 25 years, you’d be talking about over 750% inflation since 2000. You can buy any manner of new car today for $35k - could you buy a new car for $5k in 2000? Did a gallon of gas cost $0.40/gallon? Could you rent a modern $1,500 apartment for $200/month? https://www.fullstackeconomics.com/p/no-the-real-inflation-r... | | |
| ▲ | amanaplanacanal 6 days ago | parent [-] | | If he actually did the work of calculating using the earlier methodology, it could actually be interesting, but it probably wouldn't say what he thinks. But yeah, that site is BS. |
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| ▲ | tootie 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] |
| Likely very specious. Inflation is an emergent property. CPI is measured by looking at consumer prices which is pretty transparent. The underlying causes may be obscured and, in fact, we see a lot of debate on the causes but that is irrelevant to actually measuring CPI. |
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| ▲ | mark_l_watson 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Well, look at the history of removing things like living necessities and increasing things that have dropped in price like TVs. Calculation of CPI is deranged by the cherry picking of what they measure. | | |
| ▲ | amanaplanacanal 6 days ago | parent | next [-] | | The basket of goods that they base the inflation rate on is created by surveying people and asking what they spent their money on. It's intended to reflect how households actually spend money. Not sure how that would be called "cherry picking". How do you think they should do it? | | |
| ▲ | Supermancho 6 days ago | parent [-] | | > The basket of goods that they base the inflation rate on is created by surveying people and asking what they spent their money on. What mechanism was that done through? The census or Walmart data? I don't think anyone has seen a staffed table outside a retail store labeled "CPI Survey". This feels like an important question. | | |
| ▲ | tootie 6 days ago | parent [-] | | The methodology and data is all publicly available. Just go to bls.gov. https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/cpi/ Every time I've seen someone talk about "real" inflation or unemployment they're just applying a different view on the same BLS data. Metrics like CPI or PPI are derived via a formula to create an indicator. A benchmark that should be apples to apples over a period of time. It's not meant to be comprehensive. But the comprehensive data is all there too. | | |
| ▲ | Supermancho 6 days ago | parent [-] | | > Using 2010 census population data, we select the urban areas from which data on prices are collected and choose the housing units within each area that are eligible for use in the shelter component of the CPI. > Participation in the Consumer Expenditure Survey is voluntary. However, when you participate, you are representing thousands of other households like yours. In order to be able to create quality statistics, we rely on the participation of those who are randomly selected. i.e. Volunteer census data from self-reporters. It is the census, but one step away from outright unreliable information. This doesn't engender confidence. | | |
| ▲ | amanaplanacanal 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Do you have a proposal for a better way to do it? | | |
| ▲ | Supermancho 6 days ago | parent [-] | | Being as objective as possible and having worked for Experian, I will say yes. Americans, in aggregate, are one of the most monitored populations in the world^1. Financial institutions are painfully aware of the spending habits of Americans. I believe credit agency data, which is paired with monitoring bank accounts via social security tie-ins (that already exist), over census data. Integrate credit companies with social programs (like food cards) and you'll have a complete picture of the lowest brackets. ^1 China does better for specific demographics, but the rural populations are not tracked very well. I could also stand to be corrected for conditions in some very small countries. |
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| ▲ | hshdhdhj4444 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | > Well, look at the history of removing things like living necessities and increasing things that have dropped in price like TVs. There are many different measures of inflation. And they serve different purposes. Core inflation, which I suspect is what you’re talking about when talking about removing “living necessities” is a measure used to try and understand long term stable inflation. Since oil and groceries tend to be extremely volatile, core inflation removes those items. No one is saying it’s the one holy measure of inflation. If you’re trying to understand how prices have changed for the consumer over a period of time it’s not a useful measure at all, so you don’t look at core inflation for that purpose. You look at other measures. Also, weights are indeed a complicated issue, but is it really surprising the weight of TVs may have increased over a period of time when owning a TV has gone from being a luxury to a necessity? But anyways, if you don’t like the weights that are used, the underlying segment breakdown is available on the same webpage that contains the summarized calculated inflation figures. Feel free to look at the segment inflation itself. | |
| ▲ | XorNot 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | What living necessities have been removed that you think should still be there? The dataset inclusions are publicly available: https://www.bls.gov/cpi/additional-resources/entry-level-ite... | |
| ▲ | hshdhdhj4444 6 days ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Here is an article by the St Louis Fed that describes at least 5 inflation measures and what the point of each one is. https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2024/may/measuring... Note, for example, only 2 of them even intend to measure price changes for individuals (CPI and PCEPI). | |
| ▲ | tootie 6 days ago | parent | prev [-] | | Not really and none of the underlying data is hidden. Inflation can vary across regions and industries and durability. Things like food and energy are in a separate category because they can fluctuate very quickly based on exogenous factors (ie bird flu) outside the control of monetary policy. That doesn't mean policy makers ignore them. They scrutinize the data at every level. CPI, core CPI or PCE are just convenient indicators. |
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