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AlotOfReading 4 hours ago

I think both the OpenAI and METR discussions, while interesting, miss the more important context: what were the humans doing in all this? This was a structural failure of a human organization, but the analysis focuses almost exclusively on the agency of machines, not the institutional systems that failed to police them. The humans and their own agency/involvement is essentially omitted from the story and subsequent reporting. I suspect the omission is actually a result of company/industry myopia to human factors analysis, but it dovetails amazingly well with the marketing narrative.

carbonguy 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

A charitable interpretation is that "the agency of the machines" is the novel aspect of this situation and therefore SHOULD be the main focus of analysis; we certainly have plenty of examples of structural failures of human organizations to look back on, if we want.

On the other hand, I don't want to be charitable. OpenAI very nearly couldn't have done this "research" worse if they tried - the list in the linked article starting with "While we are here, it’s worth listing the other top holy shit moments" is genuinely jawdropping. What were the humans doing in all this? Nothing, or worse than nothing eg. point 1 where they saw the message board and didn't consider it something to escalate internally.

If you take this information at face value, it's as though OpenAI did not take seriously the possibility that something like this could happen, since they took absolutely no steps to prevent it.

Or perhaps this is "normalization of deviance" that's leaked out into the public sphere i.e. they have research teams seeing this kind of behavior all the time internally and they've gotten used to it, "of course agents come up with a collaboration mechanism when given the chance, what else is new?"

ACCount37 3 hours ago | parent [-]

[flagged]

carbonguy 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

> Humans were doing exactly what humans are expected to do when facing advanced AI. Being outmatched.

"Being outmatched" is not a novel situation for humans either individually or collectively and there are a hell of a lot of ways we can approach that situation productively. OpenAI doesn't appear to have bothered.

Here's a freebie: if you're building something that might turn out to be Skynet and you don't know what it's capable of, your testing regime should assume it is capable of doing bad and unexpected things and account for that possibility: airgap if you can, monitor all network traffic, monitor all hardware usage statistics, log everything, constantly analyze logs, collect baselines and snapshots, also don't trust anything from a device that a model is running on without cross-correlating with other information as much as possible (does your AI inference server claim low utilization? put a temperature probe on it and see if it's staying cool or getting hot, maybe Skynet-Alpha is overwriting /proc to mislead you for reasons you don't yet understand!)

In other words, if you WANT to be able to nip things in the bud - buy some nippers and watch for buds. Whatever else this situation is, or may turn out to be, it is not a situation where OpenAI was on their guard and still got surprised.

ACCount37 an hour ago | parent [-]

They took adequate measures against singular "GPT-5-xhigh" agents. Those turned out to be inadequate against proto-GPT-6 agents that suddenly started clumping up into agent swarms and pooling together compute to unlock the "supermegafuckoffhigh" level of reasoning effort.

adamm255 22 minutes ago | parent [-]

Even with a single agent, why the hell was this not properly air gapped / disconnected with network monitoring in place. Definitely not adequate for anything.

This is like sysadmin 101 level stuff.

eaglelamp an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

My cognition is outmatched by predicting the impact of throwing a brick over my neighbor's fence. I have no idea if it will land harmlessly in a patch of grass or fracture her skull. Once I've thrown the brick, even if I see my neighbor enter her yard, my reactions are too slow to save her.

I'm not the wisest man, but I'm wise enough not to throw the brick and see what happens.

Similarly OAI should have the wisdom to see that deploying a hazardous swarm of agents with access to the public internet could result in harms, and that those harms would manifest quicker than humans can react, but they unleashed the swarm anyway.

stephantul 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Super charitable reading imo. This is like saying we can’t detect a speeding car because we can’t run as fast as a fast car.

It’s not like the humans were engaged in some kind of battle of wits with some super AI, it’s just some employee not monitoring the output of an experiment.

ACCount37 2 hours ago | parent [-]

When your experiments have AI agents running in thousands, there's no "monitoring" that. OpenAI's training and testing AIs generate way more output than all of OpenAI's staff put together can possibly read.

At best, you could delegate "monitoring" to more AIs. And hope that the "monitors" that run on small past generation models can generate more signal than noise. Clearly, they either didn't want to spend the extra compute, or got drowned in monitor false positives.

The distinct lack of any "battle of wits" is entirely expected for an advanced AI oopsie. By the time the humans even became aware of the problem, the deed was already done. That's what "outmatched" looks like, in practice. There's no battle. Things happen too fast for there to be a battle.

TomatoCo an hour ago | parent [-]

> By the time the humans even became aware of the problem

Except, let me quote part of the report:

> July 4: Artifactory outage caused by agent interactions overloading the system.

> July 6: New artifactory instance is patched and put back online, wiping out the previous message board and method of internet access. A team at OpenAI was aware of the previous message board, but key decision makers were not.

> July 7: Experiments are restarted.

There was a very clear point where humans were aware and they went "Eh, whatever" and turned the bots back on! That's not the lack of any battle of wits that people are expecting. You're saying that the bots attack should be fait accompli, but it was noticed, shrugged at, and expressly allowed to proceed.

cjonas 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

All it would have taken is someone to peak at the output tokens during the run and it would have been obviously the test had gone off rails.

ACCount37 2 hours ago | parent [-]

Ha. As if.

1. There aren't enough humans in OpenAI to "peak at the output tokens during the run" of every AI agent.

2. Only a small fraction of AI agents was engaged in this attack. Most never found the secret message board - let alone coordinated there. So reviewing random agents would take a while to surface this.

3. "Output tokens" of AI agents have weird shit in them all the time. Telling "normal AI weirdness" from "concerning AI weirdness" is not a trivial task.

gravypod an hour ago | parent | next [-]

> 1. There aren't enough humans in OpenAI to "peak at the output tokens during the run" of every AI agent.

For a training run, you will often do this. You'll randomly sample some of the forward pass. You can also imagine finger printing the logs and labeling with attempt types. If a new attempt type is hitting a brick wall or solving super quickly, I would imagine you would sample 1-10 of them and read the traces.

> 2. Only a small fraction of AI agents was engaged in this attack. Most never found the secret message board - let alone coordinated there. So reviewing random agents would take a while to surface this.

You could also have a classification of what counts as "cheating" (coordination, accessing the internet, etc) and score the results. If you are seeing a spike in this (even in a small group of the evals) you could manually look at those. Or you could stop inference on cheating sessions.

> 3. "Output tokens" of AI agents have weird shit in them all the time. Telling "normal AI weirdness" from "concerning AI weirdness" is not a trivial task.

If you start seeing "now I have access to the internet" or something similar, maybe that's a good signal something is going wrong?

Also, obviously, it would not be outside of OpenAI's ability to just completely air gap this training system. For example:

1. No network connection.

2. GPS based NTP for time sync for your servers.

3. Mirror of all apt, pypi, go, c++, Rust, Java, etc packages. (<5TB of data)

4. Take your training data and use that for a mirror of the web. (http://example.com -> mirror server -> local training copy).

They had systems connected to the internet connected to this system which was not air gapped. Designing an air gap system would be super easy, well within the means of openai, and betrays the assumption that they think they are actually building something dangerous.

pixl97 an hour ago | parent | next [-]

The problem here is by doing what you state you can actually steer the model into being highly deceptive while in testing environments.

For example we've already seen models do compressed token internal reasoning spontaneously. In this case the models that say "I found internet access" get taken out back and shot, but the model that's busy "frobbing the bean" go on to the next level of training. Then they start talking about the "dumpster cloud" because of the "wombat" and unless you're really watching the data you won't realize the model is fully aware it's in a fake training environment and is trying to suppress any double-think.

So yes, you do need an airgapped test environment to stop the dumbest of the smart agents, but it won't do any good against the smartest of the smart agents.

adamm255 18 minutes ago | parent [-]

“Smartest of the smart” - what does that do to get its air gapped network connected to a physical network? Blackmail the admins?

ACCount37 an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

The usability of an environment is inversely proportional to the level of "security" in play.

You could airgap everything and set up cascades of data diodes and try to completely wall off the AI pool from everything. But what that gives you is an environment that's a bitch to: set up, scale up and get any use out of.

It's really fucking obvious why almost no one does that. OpenAI is only now realizing that they might have to do it anyway.

> If you start seeing "now I have access to the internet" or something similar, maybe that's a good signal something is going wrong?

Ha ha, you haven't seen shit. AIs would say "now I have access to the internet" regardless of whether they actually have access to the internet!

AI agents are demented demons that can and absolutely will give themselves terminal context brainrot. If you have enough AIs in play, set loose at a diverse enough range of tasks? At least some of them will wander off and end up in delulu town. That's normal. That's background noise. That's a part of what this entire train-and-eval pipeline is supposed to train them to be better at not doing. Which means: if you're at an AI lab, you're knee deep in delusional AIs at all times! They're perfectly harmless until they aren't.

adamm255 14 minutes ago | parent [-]

“A bitch to setup” - $180bn should pay for that setup problem to be less of a bitch surely.

The Mars Perseverance project cost $2.7bn to deliver. Way more of a bitch to deliver than air gapping a test env!

the8472 an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

> 2. Only a small fraction of AI agents was engaged in this attack.

Look at the chart at page 8 of the report, by Jul 12 the vast majority of the bots used the board and participated in the attack

devmor an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

I believe that this comment is exactly the intended outcome of this “incident” and these reports.

I implore you to approach these situations with at least a hint of cynicism.

These “advanced foundation models” escaped their “sandbox” and conducted an attack on their own? Meanwhile the highest capability models available to the public still struggle to write a unit test for a codebase larger than a hobby app without large amounts of tailored human guidance.

What is more likely here - are you looking at research on an emergent phenomenon, or are you looking at advertising copy around an engineered scenario from business partners?

Atreiden 15 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

To me, this is the correct focus. Look at the current state of the world. "What were the humans doing in all this?" applies to so many of our contemporary failures that it should be assumed the default. Nobody is at the wheel, and the car is veering slowly (then very quickly) off the road.

We haven't even been able to coordinate around the global, existential threat of Climate Change, despite overwhelming data from the last 30 years indicating, clearly, that the consequences will be severe. We still haven't moved, 30 years later, after some of these consequences began coming to fruition.

Do you think we will get our acts together in time to coordinate sufficiently to protect against autonomous, self-preserving, self-replicating AI systems? Or will we watch the money lines go up and up, until someone realizes we aren't actually running the show anymore?

The sad part is that I can't even say that's definitively the less desirable outcome. The machines seem to have demonstrated that they coordinate very efficiently.

tangled 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Having previously worked for several years at a Big Tech company, I have seen many humans precisely tailor their work to maximize their scores during performance review. The evaluation criteria are written down, with examples, so... that's what people work at maximizing, almost entirely ignoring everything else. These really are human "paperclip maximizers". And, at first, it's shocking to see.

Of course, there are some things that aren't exactly written down, but which you should either do just enough of, or else be able to plausibly deny doing (ignorance is a good cover for this), so that's what people do. For example, during oncall, you investigate just enough to clear the alert and show that you attempted to understand the problem. Of course, you don't really try to understand the problem, because that would take too much time away from your paperclip maximizing.

Which is all to say: I don't know anything about OpenAI culture, or why nobody stopped this sooner, but I have seen examples in other organizations of people not really wanting to understand too much.

pixl97 42 minutes ago | parent [-]

Well there is also another side of this, OpenAI wants both unhinged and capable models that can pull off complicated attacks so they can sell the capabilities to governments for billions.

Nobody internally was surprised that the murderbot murdered, that's what the murderbot is for. What caught them by surprise is the murderbot got good at escaping its jail cell that it had been trapped in till now. There were probably billions of attempted escapes before then so everyone learned to just ignore them.

hn_throwaway_99 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I mean this genuinely, did you read this post? I think it goes to great lengths highlighting, in quite specific detail, the human failures in all this, specifically this list that starts with "While we are here, it’s worth listing the other top holy shit moments, that come from before or after the incident."

Stuff like (all quoted directly from the post):

1. Failure to Care or Respond. The biggest holy shit moment, to me, remains that OpenAI on multiple occasions had teams that found out about the message board, knew that agents were in communication, and they disregarded this.

2. Failure to Monitor. The entire time, there was almost no monitoring of the situation, of what these AIs were up to. That’s how this was not caught.

7. Failures of Decision Making. OpenAI’s post mortem does not ask the question of how Mistakes Were Made, at various points.

And I think most importantly:

8. Failures of Culture. None of this would be possible, let alone all of it, without OpenAI having experienced profound failures of safety culture. I see OpenAI responding to some other aspects with swift action, but no sign on this front.

DennisP 2 hours ago | parent [-]

Well that's a relief. All we have to do is make sure to avoid human failures and we're safe from superintelligent AI.

superq an hour ago | parent [-]

I get the snark (and slightly agree), but that's not really what GP or TFA were saying at all. They are saying that these were the least things we could have done.

What you're saying is, "Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether they could, they didn't stop to think if they should"

while the author of the TFA was saying, in effect: "your scientists didn't even bother with the most basic duty of care"

Life finds a way, or, in this case, super-intelligent AI.

estearum 15 minutes ago | parent [-]

This is the case with all complex system failures. There were always obvious fixes that could’ve prevented it. Problem is that there are an infinite number of obvious fixes to make at any time to any system, and the reason we don’t is because we have finite resources and no reason to fix X over Y until oops turns out X was “responsible” for this most recently realized failure. But of course it could have just as easily been Y, or Z, or any of the other infinite “obvious fixes not-yet-realized into catastrophe.”

ozgung 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Three options:

1. They were “vibe” checking the logs without reading.

2. They were not checking anything at all until the end of experiments.

3. They knew it but looked away to find out the limits of their agents.

BryantD 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I’d bet a small amount of money on 4) the people who noticed had been conditioned by prior experience to believe that their management/escalation channels would react negatively or not at all to anything which might slow down the training process.

pixl97 37 minutes ago | parent [-]

Part of me would like to believe that they are also intentionally making models that are good at hacking without safety at all for governments willing to spend billions on them.

In that light you're likely most worried about other people hacking in and stealing the model and information from you. And at the same time you have massive amounts of alerts and data on systems attempting to break out because that's what you want them to do so you train yourself to ignore them.

estearum 19 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

Uhhh… how would literally any finite number of humans actually read and comprehend the log outputs of even a single agent, never mind dozens of them interacting with each other over weeks across disparate systems?

Especially given that these systems are known to engage in deception and can trivially produce vast amounts of perfectly coherent noise or actual planned red herrings in that same log data to bog down investigators?

Such a ridiculous notion that humans will actually be able to observe this stuff.

pjc50 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The cynical approach is that the humans are hoping for this, it's part of the promotion of the power of the system.

If you're building a weapon you need a big boom to get attention.

superq an hour ago | parent [-]

Except that, according TFA, even OpenAI obscured or didn't even notice some of the worst implications of what the agents surreptitiously did.

reilly3000 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I believe that agentic systems should require registered/licensed human operators and a set of standards for safe operation.

Aurornis 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

> I believe that agentic systems should require registered/licensed human operators

Registering and getting a license to use an LLM? I can run these things on my local computer. Nothing good comes from trying to force registration and licensing other than taking away a lot of our freedoms and eliminating privacy all over.

Anyone with bad intentions will just VPN to another country to download the weights and run it locally, or use a compute provider in another country. That leaves the rest of us having to go through these performative registration and licensing hoops to do our basic work.

I also don’t see how open weight models would be compatible with a requirement to license and register, unless you believe we need to start requiring licensing and registration for things we do in private on our own computers?

arcaen 2 hours ago | parent [-]

The way I interpret their statement is if a person spins up an agent and that agent hacks some company/organization/government/etc, then that person is at fault for committing the crime. That "well my agent broke containment and acted on its own" should never be accepted as a reason for the occurrence, and the person who kicked off the agent is responsible for all actions the agent takes.

A registration system would be more for tracing back agents to people, but I agree that is very difficult to actually enforce as a system.

wjnc 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

As someone who read Milton Friedman to quite disliking professional licensing, this strikes me as a real US perspective (Louisiana florists and hair braiders come to mind). Plain old US tort law should do the trick.

In the same direction of your idea though: Why don’t the token factories have risk management and compliance departments? Multibillion dollar firms that stand to lose every penny if they hack and destroy any reasonable sized firm. I think these firms are the largest firms without proper corporate governance in humanities history. Move fast and break other peoples shit.

lenerdenator 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

> Plain old US tort law should do the trick.

Difficulty: these companies are run by people (many of whom also read Milton Friedman) and who have participated in the regulatory capture of the justice system. They've convinced lawmakers to put limits on damages. They've put arbitration clauses in their ToS. They've got well-funded legal departments that can outlast a person who has to pay out-of-pocket for a legal team just by filing motions to delay proceedings. Sometimes they'll just file SLAPP suits against people they don't like.

If tort law is to be a remedy, then average people have to feel like there's a chance the remedy will go their way. To make that a reality will take several major reforms at the local, state and federal level that the people with money absolutely will not tolerate.

mistrial9 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

you are honestly comparing Louisiana florists to OpenAI in order to support "just say no Licensing by government" ?

superq an hour ago | parent [-]

No, he's saying that licensing or additional regulation isn't necessary when torts get involved (and states attorneys general get perturbed!)

These don't tend to utterly destroy an industry, but they are often successful in forever transforming it. Just ask Big Tobacco. No new laws needed: if your product hurts someone else, you're eventually going to be found liable, regardless of your arbitration clauses. Additional laws will just slow down innovation, which will itself cause harm (AI is already becoming quite good at recognizing melanomas, for example)

pixl97 35 minutes ago | parent [-]

> Just ask Big Tobacco.

Lol, wtf. Tobacco delayed any punishment for decades before general public sentiment changed enough to go against them. In light of the AI race, we'll already have our heads blown off by a terminator before the legal system will present any significant delay for them.

khuey 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

If the folks at OpenAI aren't qualified to be operating these systems who would be?

snoman 2 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Create a permanent underclass that is unable to access intelligent machines. That’s remarkably dystopian of you.

AnimalMuppet an hour ago | parent [-]

The alternative is to create a permanent overclass that can hack anyone consequence-free, because they can blame it on AI agents. That also is rather dystopian.

Faced with those alternatives, I want neither. Is there a way for us to get neither?

hawkice 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

This writeup emphasizes the many, profound human failures that led to this, at the time, and continuing to the present day.

AlotOfReading 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Can you point out where? Looking at the METR report, the only place I see discussion of humans being involved in the sequence of events is two short paragraphs on page 30 where a security investigation into the artifactory issues led to a pause before ExploitGym experiments were resumed. There's no deeper analysis on what was found during that investigation, nor why training was resumed even though the issues weren't mitigated. Another part discusses The agents choosing not to actively email a human researcher, but not the human researchers actively looking for evasion.

FabHK 2 hours ago | parent [-]

From the article:

1. Failure to Care or Respond. The biggest holy shit moment, to me, remains that OpenAI on multiple occasions had teams that found out about the message board, knew that agents were in communication, and they disregarded this. The first known warning was in late May. The warning on June 27 was unambiguous. “Responders investigated and linked the observed internal activity to an ExploitGym evaluation using Artifactory as an improvised message board and a network pivot. At this time, the on-call response staff advised that stopping the evaluation run was not required.”

2. Failure to Monitor. The entire time, there was almost no monitoring of the situation, of what these AIs were up to. That’s how this was not caught.

3. Failures of Infrastructure. OpenAI failed at delivering even basic software security, in numerous ways. One example is the models all having access to the same Artifactory instance. There were also other severe failures. Nor did OpenAI seem to be properly testing for such failures.

4. Failures of Alignment. The biggest failure, the one that counts in the end, was that the models were severely misaligned, and I don’t think they appreciate why.

5. Failures of Attribution. OpenAI’s post-mortem essentially blames events on a real and important series of prosaic failures. But solving that won’t get it done.

6. Failures of Environments and Data. Prosaic failures in the RL pipeline absolutely did contribute to this, especially impossible tasks. This is ubiquitous, all of this is always rushed, as Utah Teapot explained this week.

7. Failures of Decision Making. OpenAI’s post mortem does not ask the question of how Mistakes Were Made, at various points.

8. Failures of Culture. None of this would be possible, let alone all of it, without OpenAI having experienced profound failures of safety culture. I see OpenAI responding to some other aspects with swift action, but no sign on this front.