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Mario Meets Pareto(mayerowitz.io)
455 points by theanonymousone 5 hours ago | 87 comments
jerf 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

This is a really important concept for developers.

One aspect for developers that I see quite often is the assertion that "We can't have X without giving up more Y", most commonly "we can't have more security without giving up on user experience". With the Pareto idea in mind, we can see that that statement is true, if and only if you are in fact on the Pareto frontier of security and user experience already.

However, many times these confident pronouncements are being made when the system under question is quite evidently not on the Pareto frontier in the first place and indeed you can get more of one without giving up the other.

Making it more tricky is that in business, you can never discard "money" as a dimension, so unless you're taking "money" as one of the dimensions in the original comparison you want to do, it sneaks its way in. Or, a composite time/money, or "cost to business", or some other similar concept, time & money aren't orthogonal and don't need to be treated as two separate dimensions in general, though you can if you want. Which puts you into the 3D case, and as the page says, that grows the frontier quite a lot, which is good in some ways and bad in others. Nevertheless, in my opinion it is still often the case that even in that space we are often making "tradeoffs" without checking that we're on the Pareto frontier in the first place.

munchbunny 22 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

Agreed with what you said, when you're only considering security and usability you're often not at a Pareto optimal state, but once you add cost into the picture you see a lot more cases of being on the Pareto optimal boundary, or at least in case where the next improvement only comes with significant effort (by re-platforming, for example).

jerf 11 minutes ago | parent [-]

Yes, I don't mean to imply that this is some sort of clear majority situation or anything. I just mean that I've definitely both seen on HN and participated in real life in some conversations in which it was taken as given that we must give up one thing to get another when nobody had in fact established that we were on the Pareto frontier. Or, considered from a local point of view, whether the tradeoff really was inevitable. I have had cases where we could have had both, with no difficulty.

dzonga an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

there's something equivalent in the business world - mostly used by businesses not run by psychopaths - where you optimize inside 2 triangles with the points on the triangle being cost, profit, & user utility/happiness.

voidhorse 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Yes, the difference between coding (writing software) and engineering (making informed trade offs about system design) is effectively bound up in analyses like those supported by concepts like pareto efficiency.

One should keep in mind though that not all problems have a neat solution. Many spaces have multiple efficient points that still need to be chosen from, and many pareto optimization problems actually become NP hard computationally when the problem is large enough.

moomin an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Of course I, and most of the dads I know, optimise for something else: what’s the car that will keep me competitive, but probably losing, to the kids?

jedberg an hour ago | parent | next [-]

I don't. I need to keep winning until I can't to keep the boy in his place. He is getting closer every time. I know my day is soon to end, and a new house champion will reign.

8n4vidtmkvmk 3 minutes ago | parent [-]

Better get the trophy ready

kridsdale1 7 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

My trick is to just never power slide when I need to be handicapped to not ruin the kids Christmas. Or tap the accel A button in a PWM pattern.

a3w 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I did not understand https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49096439, but I understood this.

prvc 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I am the complete opposite of that. My attention wanes when someone fails to get to the point, instead dwelling in irrelevant details which are not intrinsically interesting. Have to muster the motivation to concentrate in such circumstances, and doing so is not enjoyable.

woodrowbarlow 2 hours ago | parent [-]

is this also true when the irrelevant details are (by coincidence) interesting (to you)? it sounds to me like GP is interested in mario kart and you simply aren't, so this is a perfectly natural result.

kelvinjps10 an hour ago | parent [-]

I’m not interested on Mario kart at all and still found the article to be interesting.

caxco93 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I can only imagine the guy that made Mario Meets Pareto waiting for some Pareto related post to hit the front page before sharing his

darkwater 3 hours ago | parent [-]

I remember seeing this on HN frontpage already in the past, and indeed here it is: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39936246

fl4regun 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

wiki is usually not great at teaching new concepts, better as a reference for someone who already learned something.

applfanboysbgon 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

It turns out a lot of things are extremely accessible to a lot more people when you teach them as concrete, relatable scenarios in simple language with useful visualizations instead of abstract X, Y foos and bars described with an unfamiliar jargon term every 3rd word. We really need to do better when it comes to pedagogy.

Agentlien an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

On a tangent, I was a bit confused by the everyday examples given in this article.

"We're often faced with similar trade-offs. You want a meal that's both cheap and delicious? A job that's both well-paid, easy, and fulfilling?"

I really don't feel like "easy" is a dimension I wish to optimize for in a job. It almost feels opposite to what I've actually optimized for - since for me a fulfilling job usually means full of deep technical challenges. I want a job without unnecessary friction, without interpersonal drama, even one that's low stress. But definitely not easy.

wiether 19 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

  > I want a job without unnecessary friction, without interpersonal drama, even one that's low stress.
That's part of how I see an "easy" job. Where I can focus on working on the actual tasks at hand.

Doesn't matter if the actual job is filling glasses of water or building rockets; as long as I can focus on it for 100% of my working hours, I'd see it as an "easy" job.

elwell 5 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Felt like covert advertisements.

blanched 35 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I get what you’re saying, but I wouldn’t say easy is the opposite of challenging. As a quick example, I would surely find a day job of manual labor harder and significantly less enjoyable than a day job of software engineering challenges.

(And please note that I do not mean to imply that there are no challenges in manual labor or that software engineering is more important.)

StilesCrisis an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It sounds like you're saying "easy" and "fulfilling" cannot coexist, and obviously they are in tension, but a Pareto frontier still exists there.

jimbokun 27 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

They’re just hypothetical examples, not meant to apply to everyone.

Georgelemental 37 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

Well then, you would prioritize "fulfilling" in your utility function. Others might make a different choice; e.g. a single parent who needs to save time and energy for family might prefer "easy" at the cost of boring drudgery

Agentlien 18 minutes ago | parent [-]

I think what I am saying is more that "easy" is too broad a vector to optimize along because it combines too much - both good and bad. I don't want a job without challenges of any kind.

But I definitely want a job without stress, danger, or physical strain on my body. Perhaps I am just looking for a similar word which doesn't imply anything about the complexity of the task at hand.

charv 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I would really love to be able to explore this data, e.g. what is the "worst" driver? Is there an inverse Pareto front?

chriswarbo 6 minutes ago | parent [-]

> Is there an inverse Pareto front?

Yes, trivially. Just look at the opposite end of each metric. Pareto optimality doesn't know/care what each metrics means, since it keeps them all separate.

__s 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> You probably won't pick a driver sitting on the edge of the frontier because you want some balance between speed and acceleration

for super mario kart speedruns go with bowser/dk: https://www.speedrun.com/smk/runs/zp68nr8m

That seemed to hold up for Mario Kart 8 too going with Bowser at the edge of their pareto frontier, https://www.speedrun.com/mk8

needing acceleration is a skill issue

rtkwe an hour ago | parent | next [-]

It's optimizing for different environments and opponents, the speed runs only have to deal with the AI not human players and take such crazy paths the AI isn't around to really mess with them so they don't have to worry about reaccelerating. In versus it's much less likely you'll be able to avoid all the other players so you need to be able to get back up to speed after being hit. A common strategy in the online vs mode is actually back running to collect better items then cashing them in rapidly to win.

frantathefranta 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

On the other hand, if you are a casual and want to dominate 99% races you enter at people's homes, pick Toadette (with Mr. Scooty). I don't think I've lost since 2019.

_superposition_ 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Lol skill issue... Right! But that's how you choose your weights. If you're not a great driver you need to give more consideration to acceleration.

dmonitor an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Acceleration is pointless because of the hidden Mini Turbo stat

paytonjjones 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Speedruns are for playing the track solo, right?

If you're playing normally (with other people and items), even the most skilled player can't avoid getting hit by some universal items and will benefit from acceleration.

Hence, as the author notes, the balanced build with Peach being favored among competitive players.

crtasm 2 hours ago | parent [-]

GP first link is to a speedrun in the all cups category, played with items and computer opponents. There's a video included.

People do speedrun the individual tracks solo in other categories.

bspammer an hour ago | parent | next [-]

For a speedrun you don't care about 100 failed runs as long as you get the world record once. You're basically hoping to get lucky that the computer opponent won't hit you. Obviously you're going to pick the greediest (i.e highest speed) choice in that setting, that doesn't make it good in normal gameplay.

__s an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

It's a fair point that such an environment will be different than playing against other humans

ChrisGreenHeur 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Adding skill is just another dimension to the calculation.

Retr0id 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Previous discussion (2024): https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39936246

yathern an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Apologies for the self-promotion, but I learned about the Pareto Front from this site a while back - and applied it to Mini PCs with https://minipcs.zip which plots Mini PCs based on Compute vs Price (and other metrics) - highlighting the pareto front to find the optimal unit.

xp84 7 minutes ago | parent [-]

Thanks for posting this! It's an awesome tool. Makes me want to buy more tiny PCs. My only feedback is many of the ebay listings it points to are sold out, but I assume there's a limit to the freshness you can get. Still though, I found pretty good rates of success just pasting the important parts of the name of the sold-out listing into search.

devin 38 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39936246 for the discussion 2 years ago

kevinwang 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Can anyone explain why Rosalina is not Pareto optimal here? It kind of looks like she should be.

bspammer 2 hours ago | parent [-]

Because Donkey Kong gives more speed for exactly the same acceleration. I.e. you sacrifice nothing and gain something by switching away.

EDIT: If you mean that Rosalina looks slightly higher on the graph, I believe that's just a visual effect to allow multiple characters to occupy the same square - the stats are all integers.

kevinwang an hour ago | parent [-]

> If you mean that Rosalina looks slightly higher on the graph, I believe that's just a visual effect to allow multiple characters to occupy the same square - the stats are all integers.

Ah, yeah. That is what I meant. Thanks!

FailMore 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

If you liked the playing card interaction at the start (I did), I run a random side project where you (or your coding agent) can build similar 3d cards:

https://requirement5.com

build a card here: https://requirement5.com/create (and the CLI instructions are there too)

https://github.com/vilt9/requirement5

DarkCrusader2 2 hours ago | parent [-]

I noticed DaisyUI also has a component for this just a couple of days back - https://daisyui.com/components/hover-3d/

FailMore 2 hours ago | parent [-]

This is the OG: https://poke-holo.simey.me/ - inspired me as an old pokemon collector

phyzix5761 an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

A lot of these optimization problems can benefit from using a genetic algorithm: https://github.com/lodenrogue/genetic-algorithm-js

andai 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Excellent. This is some kind of 3D PowerPoint. How did he do that?

superMayo 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Author here. The source code is available at https://github.com/SuperMayo/mayerowitz.io.

It’s called scrollytelling. For this particular project, I borrowed a lot from https://mlu-explain.github.io/. For the 3D elements, I used Threejs and a custom vertex shader for the 3D plot.

dxdm 22 minutes ago | parent [-]

Is there a version I can just read as text without having to push every paragraph out of the way with my fingers across an unevenly colored background that shines through?

I get that this form of presentation may be great for many people, but for my brain, it makes it extremely hard to engage with the content.

beklein 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I guess the author used a different framework but I like this one: https://animejs.com/

Retr0id 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Looks like html+css+js+webgl

nwsm 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Nice article, I'm sad to learn that I shouldn't be using Koopa. How are Peach and Mario not dominated on acceleration by Tanooki Mario and Luigi respectively?

Also, wonderful visualizations, but the change between blue and white backgrounds is really jarring to me.

SubiculumCode 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Koopa came out in offroad vs weight..without being that familiar with the game, I don't know whether that would ever be important enough to care about

mef51 an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

I always pick koopa, I always win

sendes an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Finally an important and realistic application of economic theory to real life!

phoghed 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

To think I gimped myself so much by using baby Rosalina on a scooter with rollers

demibabs 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

This article isn’t quite accurate; acceleration is surprisingly unimportant in Mario Kart and not really considered a major factor when choosing a optimal combo. The optimal combo is solely decided on the basis of speed and mini-turbo. Otherwise good analysis.

hn22fazjsv an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Solid advice, saving it

rakamotog 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

This was fun, thank you

reconnecting 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Thanks! Very useful information. I will never play for Bowser again.

elwell 4 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

> I will never play for Bowser again.

What do you mean "play for Bowser"?

Jepacor 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Once at a Mario Kart 8 tournament I was helping run there was a kid who had picked Bowser and max speed and he was struggling to make every turn.

I switched him to the meta build and suddenly boom, he went from like 10th to 2nd against the AIs.

It's kinda weird that you can shoot yourself in the foot so much when picking your kart in this game.

latexr 3 hours ago | parent [-]

> It's kinda weird that you can shoot yourself in the foot so much when picking your kart in this game.

Nintendo optimises for fun, not competitive play. Infamously, to curb the competitiveness of Super Smash Bros (SSB) Melee, they introduce a random tripping mechanic in the following SSB (Brawl). Everyone hated it so they removed it in the one after that.

latexr 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

It might still be the best option, depending on your play group. For example, if you’re in a play group with a bunch of novices and you’re destroying them, like finishing a full lap before the second place, choosing Bowser gives you a handicap. Lowers your chances of winning but increases fun for the group as a whole.

hnmu4c5zar 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

This resonates hard

paulnpace 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Mario was an elite?

bix6 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Lakitu ftw

Aeroi 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

wow that took alot of work. nice job

suzukivenom 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

beautiful site

ShinyLeftPad 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The site is really broken on mobile.

voidnullvalue 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I cannot be the only one who atrongly dislikes this bloated web design. I hit back after scrolling a bit

andai 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Until recently I thought I hated sites that messed with the scroll out of principle, but then I found a handful of them that do a good job of it. This is one of them.

kfarr 3 hours ago | parent [-]

The key here is to have a foreground layer that always responds to scroll and informs the background layer based on its position

duskdozer 2 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

No, you're not. A lot of the web is becoming increasingly unusable for me because of things like this.

rtrigoso 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Also on Firefox android and working great. What's your browser/os?

superMayo 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Can you tell me what’s going on? I tried my best to make it work on every device, but handling mobile is hard, and especially when you’re messing with interactivity and 3D.

fnordian_slip 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Works for me with Firefox on android and ublock origin.

phoghed 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Works wonderfully on iPhone

rokkamokka 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Works for me in Firefox on Android anyway

Xirdus 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

In Firefox reader mode, there's like 5 paragraphs of text. I am unable to digest the content on the website itself. Can someone confirm if the 5 paragraphs is the whole content or if I have large parts of it missing?

rtkwe an hour ago | parent | next [-]

Turn off reader there are graphics along with the paragraphs. Reminds me of the complaints that used to be super common from people religiously refusing to enable javascript and complaining when breaking the site breaks the site.

duskdozer an hour ago | parent [-]

Why do you think people refused to enable javascript?

rtkwe 7 minutes ago | parent [-]

I saw a lot of people saying various things along the lines of "not running strangers code on my machine" and some "you should serve me the site working even if JS is disabled". The exact reason doesn't really matter it's more that if you're intentionally gimping the website you don't really get to complain about the site not loading.

duskdozer 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It looks like it. There are four images that pop up and start animating numbers, and those aren't visible in the built in reader. I use Tranquility Reader which ime tends to do a bit better, but it still wasn't readable. Looking at the source, that content seems to be created only on scroll with javascript, so it won't be able to be read accessibly. I had to close it so I can't say what else is missing.

Levitz 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

The article includes interactive graphs and scrolling animations that explain them, as well as data.