> But what you are trying to get at is that there is law about self-referral ("Stark law") but in reality there are exceptions that render it fairly useless

What are the exceptions that render it useless? I have never heard of them in my 10+ years of hearing about it.

I did not know that I-cards do office work, not my area of medicine.

IR is in the angio lab daily without cataracts, thyroid cancer, etc., so that part of your statement is clearly not true.

I also don't understand what you mean about knee replacements... humans are generally capable of standing without requiring surgical intervention.

> What are the exceptions that render it useless? I have never heard of them in my 10+ years of hearing about it.

It sounds so unlikely that there is a blanket rule that you can’t refer to something you have a shareholding in. If you own a shareholding in a hospital you work at, you can’t refer internally for a test?

I just don’t believe that.

Edit: I did some hunting. ‘Per click’ payments or bonus payments based on volume are illegal. Rents must be fair market etc.

It looks like owning a chunk of the place you refer to is fine. https://www.healthcarecompliancepros.com/stark-law-explained...