> What are the exceptions that render it useless? I have never heard of them in my 10+ years of hearing about it.

It sounds so unlikely that there is a blanket rule that you can’t refer to something you have a shareholding in. If you own a shareholding in a hospital you work at, you can’t refer internally for a test?

I just don’t believe that.

Edit: I did some hunting. ‘Per click’ payments or bonus payments based on volume are illegal. Rents must be fair market etc.

It looks like owning a chunk of the place you refer to is fine. https://www.healthcarecompliancepros.com/stark-law-explained...