I came across this open-source workflow for designing personalized mRNA cancer vaccines:

https://philfung.github.io/openvaxx/

And this recent story about a man who worked with researchers to create a personalized cancer vaccine for his dog:

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-03-ai-cancer-vaccine-dog-oncologist.html

It got me wondering what the current technology, research, and startup landscape looks like for personalized mRNA medicine in humans.

Are any HN people working in this space, or close to it? I’m especially curious about: - how real the pipeline is today outside major institutions - which parts are getting cheaper or more accessible - which parts of the pipeline is being taken over by software and possibly new AI models - where the real bottlenecks are: sequencing, target selection, manufacturing, QC, regulation, or something else - whether anyone is building tools, infrastructure, or startups around more individualized mRNA therapies

The problem with mRNA vaccines for cancer is effectiveness. Vaccines already work well for prevention of relapses in e.g. tumors that have been surgically removed.

They might also be great combined with early-stage detection via ctDNA.

But in late-stage patients, the effectiveness is limited because the host immune system is compromised.

Several landmark mRNA cancer vaccine trials by BioNTech and others have pointed in this direction.

In vivo reprogramming of T cells might be the next frontier. In fact, the BioNTech founders are moving to a new venture, but it's unclear what their thesis is.

I’d be mostly concerned about testing that it dowsn’t have side effects. You probably can do a lot in vitro, but you need a platform to do it.

Given the tremendous success of the covid mRNA campaign it's surely right around the corner.