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Banning lead in gas worked. The proof is in our hair(attheu.utah.edu)
179 points by geox 14 hours ago | 80 comments

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2525498123

cfiggers an hour ago | parent | next [-]

In my opinion it is obvious and should be uncontroversial that some environmental regulations work and are great and should if anything be reinforced, while other environmental regulations do more harm than good and need to be reigned in or eliminated.

Turning "environmental regulation" into a unified bloc that must be either supported or opposed in totality is a manipulative political maneuver and it should be forcefully rejected.

Regulations are not people, and they don't have rights. It is fair and reasonable to demand that environmental regulation justify its existence with hard, scientifically verifiable data or else get chopped. Clearly, banning leaded gasoline has that kind of justification, and therefore I'm strongly in favor of maintaining that ban and extending it wherever it isn't in place yet. The same reasonable standard should be applied to other regulations across the board.

throwway120385 an hour ago | parent | next [-]

It's really easy to sit and demand evidence before regulating something. But consider that if we waited for hard evidence to accumulate before banning lead in gasoline, we likely never would have banned it because the hard evidence wouldn't exist.

I also don't agree on the principle that regulations are "harmful" or "helpful." Rather, you have to define who the regulation harms, and who it helps. For example antitrust enforcement harms shareholders and some employees of very large firms, but it helps many employees and arguably improves the landscape for competition between many smaller firms. So whether a regulation is preferable comes down to values.

In the case of leaded gas, it harms basically everybody, but it helps fuel companies, so it was an easy thing to change.

rayiner 35 minutes ago | parent [-]

We had research to support the EPA phase down of lead.

Also, your assertion that lead “helps fuel companies” is fundamentally mistaken. Gasoline is a mass-produced commodity. Oil companies have single digit profit margins. These companies aren’t making Big Tech profit margins where they can absorb higher costs without passing them along to consumers. Cost savings from things like gasoline additives accrue to consumers at the gas pump.

empyrrhicist 16 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

Until the price of gas starts to remotely reflect the medium to long term costs of climate change I basically always celebrate anything that increases gas or carbon-based energy prices. Like, it sucks... but there's lots of data that consumers respond to these prices in their choices.

The way I think about it, the entirety of global civilization is massively, massively subsidizing carbon emission.

rayiner 2 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

[delayed]

DiggyJohnson 6 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

Do you know of any research or calculations of what that number ought to be?

jhallenworld 18 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

Lead helped fuel company profits because it was cheaper than the other anti-knock additives, like ethanol.

jabl 6 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

That's true, and without any legislation or such prohibiting lead they would most likely have continued to use it as anyone who would have phased out lead would have been at a competitive disadvantage. But once it was banned, everybody was again on an even playing field, and as OP explained fuel is a commodity so the higher cost just flowed through to the end user prices, refinery margins stayed about where they were.

rayiner 15 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

In an industry where everyone sells a completely fungible product such cost savings generally are passed on to consumers. Oil companies can profit in the short term due to fluctuations in the price of oil and things like that, but not from something like lead additives, which everyone had been using for decades.

andychase an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Note that the current administration closed its research and science office.

https://www.science.org/content/article/blow-environment-epa...

AdamN an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Basically everybody agrees with what you're saying which is what makes this an insidious comment.

In general the pressure against regulation comes from narrow winners (oil industry for instance) whereas the pressure for regulations generally comes from people focused on the greater good (even if they are misled by other narrow winners, for instance compliance firms).

gosub100 an hour ago | parent [-]

There are valid reasons to oppose regulations. They can be used to create barriers of entry for small businesses, for example. They constantly affect the poor more than the middle class.

prmoustache 31 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

That is usually the opposite because the absence of regulations usually put the smallest players in a state of dependence of some huge monopolistic groups.

Think pesticides and genetically modified plants for example.

sunshinesnacks an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> They constantly affect the poor more than the middle class.

That’s a very broad statement. I expect there are many cases where that is not true.

abfan1127 38 minutes ago | parent [-]

"greater good" is arguably the most broad statement with a large history of hurting many people based on the "greater good".

sunshinesnacks 18 minutes ago | parent [-]

Maybe. But the original context here is an article about removing lead from gasoline. Which I’m pretty sure that helped many people based on the “greater good”.

There’s no copper sulfate in canned green beans or borax in beef. Those seem all around good.

Let’s agree that impacts of regulations are nuanced, and not try to condense it down to something overly simplistic like, “regulations hurt poor people”.

dfedbeef an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Protecting a small company's ability to pollute is not a valid reason.

LiquidSky 17 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

We're talking about environmental regulations. It is no more good for a small business to pollute than a large one, and it's precisely the poor who are most harmed by environmental pollution.

FatherOfCurses 35 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It should be uncontroversial that introducing shit into an environment where it doesn't belong is a bad idea, yet many people remain unconvinced that dumping tons of carbon dioxide a year into the atmosphere or tons of fertilizer by-products into the oceans is a bad idea.

nxm 28 minutes ago | parent [-]

It's less that but rather the hypocrisy of promoting burdensome regulations and bans implemented in one county (e.g. Germany) which hurts domestic industry and raises costs for its citizens, all while being silent on countries like China and India continuing to massively build more and more coal fired power plants

dlisboa 7 minutes ago | parent [-]

Unfortunately there is hypocrisy to go around. Here's the argument China and India will use: "coal and oil always was for all its history and still is the largest portion of Germany's energy mix. It's hardly in a position to ask other countries to stop."

"China and India have the right to industrialize themselves using the same tools Western countries have used. China is leading the world in alternative energy manufacturing making clean energy profitable and India is the 4th largest renewable energy producer."

rayiner an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Lead is a textbook example of a good regulation. It’s something where the industry was doing something very harmful-aerosolizing lead and pumping it into the air—which had quite small economic benefits and was relatively easily replaced.

Some regulation achieves this kind of improvement, and we’re probably under regulated in those areas. Particulate matter, for example, is extremely harmful. But many regulations do not have such clear cut costs and benefits.

cassepipe 28 minutes ago | parent [-]

Can you tell more about particulate matter ? You mean small particles in the air right, so air pollution right ?

empyrrhicist 15 minutes ago | parent [-]

Yes, it's associated with cancer, heart disease, and dementia.

mktk1001 an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Who is proposing for environment regulation without proper scientific evidence? You both sided the argument without giving any claims about environment regulation that turned out to be not helpful.

lingrush4 an hour ago | parent [-]

Maybe ten comments below you there is someone stating "environmental regulations are a win."

No qualifiers whatsoever. All environmental regulations are good as far as this person is concerned.

nxm 27 minutes ago | parent [-]

good but at what cost is the issue and who bears that cost

css_apologist 15 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

give me an example of EPA regulation that needs to be eliminated

ZeroGravitas an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Your tone suggests you think they are generally not based on science and given cost benefit analysis. Probably a reflection of your media intake.

In 1981 Reagan made cost benefit analysis a requirement for EPA.

For example in 1984: the EPA " estimates that the benefits of reducing lead in gasoline would exceed the costs by more than 300 percent.... These benefits include improved health of children and others"

Trump has just scrapped the requirement to cost in human health.

I wonder if removing lead would meet the new standard.

diego_moita an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

> some environmental regulations work [...] while other [..] do more harm than good

You are (deliberately?) overlooking the elephant in the room: lobbies with money can distort the discussion.

Big tobacco knew for decades that smoking was bad but still managed to block restrictions in smoking. Oil companies knew lead was poisoning. Purdue knew Oxycontin was addicting. Facebook knows their product is toxic.

jmward01 9 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I remember going to LA in the late 80's and my eyes watering (I also remember the pants-less man on the side of the strode but that is a different story). Environmental regulations are a win. Unfortunately there is a large segment of the population that doesn't believe something until it happens to them directly. That makes it a challenge to maintain environmental, or any regulations for that matter, over generations. It isn't practical, but it would be interesting to create 'pollution cities' where the regulations were loose so long as the entire company drew its workforce (including management) from the local population (like within a mile) and a significant portion of their drinking water and foods must also be sourced locally. Go ahead, pollute your own drinking water. I bet cities like this would be cleaner than ones with stricter regulations.

yellottyellott 42 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

In Louisana there’s a stretch around all the refineries nicknamed Cancer Alley. The locals work the plants. Everyone gets sick. And they vote for expansion because it brings in more jobs. You need the regulations.

xp84 27 minutes ago | parent [-]

Yeah, but I bet the executives and lawyers don’t live anywhere near there, and they probably visit those sites as little as possible. In the thought experiment that wouldn’t be allowed.

soulofmischief 17 minutes ago | parent [-]

I live in Cancer Alley and people down here drink the koolaid. Cut to Midgely pouring TEL all over his hands.

317070 34 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> I bet cities like this would be cleaner than ones with stricter regulations.

I would almost always take the opposite side of this bet. Once responsibility becomes diffuse enough, people would actively poison themselves as they see no alternative.

cassepipe 25 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Did you intend to write "stroad" (street + road used to decry car-centric city design) ?

gedy 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

> Environmental regulations are a win. Unfortunately there is a large segment of the population that doesn't believe something ...

You aren't wrong, but let's be honest that a lot of that is manufacturing just moved to China and moved the pollution. Specific to lead in gas, yes it's great we no longer do this.

ZeroGravitas 2 hours ago | parent [-]

Manufacturing output hit an all time high in the US in 2024.

There's less manufacturing jobs and it's less of the total economy as other sectors grew but it would presumably need to be genuinely cleaner in order to offset that growth if industrial pollution just remained flat.

The switch from coal to gas would be a major cleanup for any process that uses electricity, for example.

gedy 36 minutes ago | parent [-]

Related to the OP comment about LA, are you suggesting that moving manufacturing to China had little impact on manufacturing and pollution in the US?

magaisnuts 5 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Lead in gas is responsible for the maga mental health crisis

russdill 12 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Hopefully next we can help fix mercury in fish, the number one contributor right now is burning coal. Seems like it would be a easy decision.

epistasis 12 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Coal is mostly sticking around in the US because of federal overreach to keep unprofitable and ancient coal generators going long after anybody wants to pay for the high maintenance.

Last week, a Colorado utility was "respectfully" asking to be able to close a plant:

> TTri-State Generation and partner Platte River Power Authority had a “respectful” but emphatic response late Thursday to the Trump administration ordering them to keep Craig’s Unit 1 coal-fired plant open past the New Year:

> They don’t need it, they don’t want it, and their inflation-strapped consumers can’t afford the higher bills. Plus, the federal order is unconstitutional.

https://coloradosun.com/2026/01/30/craig-tri-state-petition-...

TVA has also been begging to close a money losing coal plant for a while now, writing letters to FERC about it, but I can't find the link now.

New coal is far too expensive to build anymore too. Handling big amounts of solid material is expensive, and big old unresponsive baseload is undesirable for achieving economic efficiency.

Even China, which is still building new coal plants, is lessening their coal usage. Personally I think they'll keep some around to continue economic influence on Australia, which is one their primary countries for experimenting with methods to increase their soft power.

There is no technical or economic reason to want coal power today.

gwd an hour ago | parent | next [-]

> There is no technical or economic reason to want coal power today.

For anyone wanting a slightly ranty but also informed description of why, I enjoyed this Hank Green video on the subject:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfvBx4D0Cms&pp=ygUPaGFuayBnc...

prasadjoglekar an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> There is no technical or economic reason to want coal power today.

A quick look at the PJM interconnect data would disagree with you. About a quarter of the live power is coal.

https://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations.aspx

That serves 65+ Million people in the north east and is keeping them from dying of cold this past week, including today (Temp outside in the mid-hudson valley is 15F / -9C), and overnight will be 8F / -13C).

Just for context - electricity somehow powers everything in most homes. Your oil or propane furnace needs a power hookup to ignite.

prodigycorp 6 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Thank you for such a thoughtful comment. There's politics that gets flagged on this site, and there's politics that makes me think about things with more clarity. Yours is obviously the latter.

UltraSane an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

We could have and should have replaced all coal with nuclear but no, we couldn't do that.

dyauspitr 9 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Not with Captain Planet tier cartoon villains in power.

dnautics 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

you mean like the german environmentalists who singlehandedly kicked up german atmospheric mercury emissions?

ZeroGravitas an hour ago | parent [-]

Can you identify when exactly the German environmentalists did this thing you refer to? I'm assuming it's something coal related.

Total and per capita coal usage for Germany and a few other peer nations:

https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/coal-consumption-by-count...

https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/coal-consumption-per-capi...

I can see a bump in early 1980s but I see the same in other nations, possibly a response to oil embargoes, possibly just economic growth.

edm0nd an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

Did you know that Captain Planet was straight up created to be pro environmentalist and anti-oil propaganda?

>Captain Planet and the Planeteers (1990–1996) was a pioneering animated series designed by Ted Turner and producer Barbara Pyle as environmental, pro-social "edutainment" to influence children towards ecological activism. It aimed to combat pollution and encourage environmental stewardship, often using over-the-top, stereotypical villains to represent corporate greed and ecological destruction.

Our parents let us get brainwashed by hippies and corporations as kids haha

zahlman an hour ago | parent | next [-]

> Did you know that Captain Planet was straight up created to be pro environmentalist and anti-oil propaganda?

Well, yes, it isn't subtle.

It turns out that some propaganda is just correct, however.

throwway120385 an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Brainwashing has the connotation of going through cult programming. Captain Planet doesn't involve the kind of tight control over your interpersonal relationships that requires. To the extent any of us were "brainwashed" it would have been because the people around us were largely in agreement with the messaging in that show. I submit that many people still are.

dyauspitr an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

I wish we had more “propaganda” like this.

jkubicek an hour ago | parent [-]

Sesame Street is still putting out new episodes. Turns out the "learn to count" and "be nice to your neighbors" industry wields a lot more power than anyone thought.

MengerSponge 10 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Burning coal is a huge and easy win. Artisinal and small scale gold mining should be high on the list too, even though it's a much harder problem:

https://www.unep.org/globalmercurypartnership/what-we-do/art...

hydrox24 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I'm skeptical that it's easier. On the numbers alone, artisanal and small scale gold mining (apparently) accounts for 15-20% of global gold production. But coal accounts for 35% of total electricity generation.

Paracompact 8 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

You do mean banning rather than burning, right?

empyrrhicist 13 minutes ago | parent [-]

I think they meant [Targeting the] burning [of] coal.

vpShane 12 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

We live in opposite-world where the way it is, is the exact opposite of how it should be

t1234s an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

You used to be able to buy leaded 110 gas as Sunoco in the early 2000's. It would make your exhaust tips turn white and had a sort of candy like smell when combusted.

bluedino 32 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

You can buy it online from Sunoco

https://petroleumservicecompany.com/sunoco-supreme-112-octan...

I think they only sell the unleaded race gas at the pumps now but I may be wrong.

Faaak an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

AFAIK that's why leaded paint is bad for children: it tastes sweet so they continue licking it/eating the chips of paint that fall off the wall

latexr 23 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

You’re conjuring an image of children licking walls, but just the dust from the flaking paint chips is harmful.

https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/prevention/paint.html

t1234s 14 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

Water from lead pipes must have tasted amazing

grubbs an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I remember people with various "tunes" at the racetrack would run this stuff. It definitely smelled like candy!

myself248 35 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

Wait 'til you learn about avgas!

gambiting an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Fun fact - leaded petrol isn't actually banned in the UK, you can legally buy it and use it. The legislation at the time of bans just made it so that leaded petrol could only be a small % of overall petrol sales by any given fuel station, arguing that it allowed time for owners of unleaded-incompatible cars to purchase it.

And....it worked pretty much exactly as designed - initially only the largest stations carried it because they could justify the storage costs, and eventually it disappeared from almost everywhere. Just before covid there were still 3 small garages selling leaded petrol by the drum, but afaik they all stopped doing so.

And regardless - you can stil buy actual real Tetraethyl Lead fuel additive which turns your petrol into actual real 4-star leaded petrol, just like in the old days:

https://www.demon-tweeks.com/tetraboost-e-guard-15-fuel-addi...

ck2 an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

unless you live next to an airport or even remotely close to it

then lead is being sprayed all over you, your car and home, daily

for THREE DECADES NOW

no rush, not like it's poison or does permanent damage to your health/IQ

https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/leaded-gas-wa...

defrost 13 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The punchline being:

  The findings, which appear in PNAS, underscore the vital role of environmental regulations in protecting public health.

  The study notes lead rules are now being weakened by the Trump administration in a wide-ranging move to ease environmental protections.

  “We should not forget the lessons of history. And the lesson is those regulations have been very important,”
lenerdenator an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I really want to see elimination of lead (projectiles, lead styphnate primers, etc.) in firearms next.

When I go to the range, every once in a while, I'll see one of the older marksmen who's there with his squirrel hunting rifle, chambered in .22 LR. I've noticed that he seems to have a tremor in his hands when he's loading his magazines. Essential tremor is linked to lead exposure [0]

Most .22 LR projectiles are either just lead or have a copper "wash" over the lead, not a proper jacket like you see on other rounds.

I wonder, if you shoot those loads for long enough, and breathe in enough gunsmoke, do you get that problem?

As for the proof being in our hair... well, not mine. Chrome dome over here XD

[0] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1241711/

bikelang 33 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

I completely agree. I do everything I can to avoid leaded ammunition. I do not want lead touching the meat I harvest. It can be really tricky to find lead-free ammo of certain sizes. I mostly use waterfowl ammo for upland bird and rabbit - and it works fine. But even ordering ammo online it is quite hard to get .270 solid copper. And in a store? Forget about it

1970-01-01 18 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

Why would lead be in the gunsmoke? Everything leaded should be coming out the business end of the firearm, and it should be coming out with some gusto.

vintermann 9 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> The Utah part of this is so interesting because of the way people keep track of their family history.

Definitively interesting that they could get so many old hair samples with good provenance.

mistrial9 an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

no one has mentioned "The Secret History of Lead" published by The Nation in March 2000. The long and detailed article exposed the deliberate and long-standing cover-up of leaded gasoline's dangers by major corporations. Villians include General Motors, Du Pont, and Standard Oil of New Jersey (now Exxon).

wileydragonfly 13 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Explains a great deal, honestly.

yieldcrv 13 hours ago | parent [-]

like what? are there more intelligent people? I've anecdotally heard this is a cause for crime reduction as people are less impulsive than they were, in conflict resolution? overall?

don't really know what takeaway I'm supposed to know about

nyc_data_geek 13 hours ago | parent [-]

Are you really calling into question the well documented developmental effects of lead in human cognition and behavior

jackvalentine 12 hours ago | parent | next [-]

No, he’s asking for someone to expand on their five word sentence that is so generic it can be interpreted to support almost any thesis you want.

yieldcrv an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

I don’t know anything about the effect of lead on human cognition and behavior, I’m asking you to tell me about it

If that’s even what their comment was about

How does that effect work?

your assumption wasn’t a “lead free” response, am I doing it right?

throwway120385 an hour ago | parent [-]

Lead exposure gives you brain damage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning. If you damage your frontal lobes, you generally become more impulsive and less measured in your response to things. Ergo, chronic lead poisoning causes populations to become more aggressive and more likely to engage in crime.