Of course they can. Locations can be trilaterated using wifi and bluetooth.
Back when my OG iPod Touch was minty and new (2008, IIRC), it was in many ways a stripped-down iPhone.
One of the features that was stripped out was GPS: It didn't have that at all. It also lacked Bluetooth.
But it did have a Maps app, and it also had location services. This used visible wifi access points and a database back home on the mothership to determine location.
It was pretty neat at that time to take this responsive, color-screened pocket computer with me on a walk, connect it to a then-ubiquitous open SSID, and have it figure out my location and provide a map (with aerial photos!) of where I was. It wasn't ever dead-nuts, but it was consistently spooky-good.
It's pretty old tech at this point, and devices still use it today.
(Related tech: Those plastic table tents that you take with you at McDonald's after ordering at the kiosk? They're BLE beacons. Sensors in the ceiling track them so that the person bringing the tray with food on it knows about where you're sitting before they even walk out of the kitchen. And modern pocket supercomputers use the locations of these and other beacons, as well, to help trilaterate their position. Urban environments are replete with very chatty things that don't move around very much.)