Google recorded wifi names and locations as a "bycatch" when taking streetview pictures from 2007 upto 2010. They still collect such data on Android devices if the user consents or ignores the option to say "no" … :-0

Certain devices (especially tablets) don't have GPS or various sensors integrated and still can tell you your approximate location, if WiFi is enabled.

Apple does the same. Actually, most of the time in areas w/o direct sky view GNSS isn't usable at all.

If you want to play around a bit, you can try my tool that queries Apple's location services for your nearby networks. The precision is remarkable.

https://github.com/denysvitali/where-am-i