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What's New in Python 3.15(docs.python.org)
152 points by azhenley 4 days ago | 56 comments
pjmlp a day ago | parent | next [-]

I am here for the JIT and improved profiling goodies, one day Python will finally be a proper Lisp replacement.

-- https://www.norvig.com/python-lisp.html

cassepipe 16 hours ago | parent | next [-]

What's Python's story for repl driven development ?

sceadu 9 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I usually do REPL driven development in Python via emacs but you can tell it's not the natural way to do things, esp. if you start doing stuff with async. But I still feel that it makes me way more productive than I would otherwise be

pjmlp 14 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

It has a Tk based REPL and debugger in the box, and I guess nowadays Jupiter notebooks is the closest to a Lisp Machines/Interlisp-D kind of development.

There are the IDE integrations as well.

Pity is the lack of (compile ...) and (decompile ....), or similar.

Which by the way is available in Julia.

nurettin a day ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I had a colleague who was hostile to any language other than common lisp. Except python, which I assume is just because this page exists. What if norvig woke up that day and decided to write about Ruby instead?

pjmlp 21 hours ago | parent [-]

Which incidentely has a much better history with JIT adoption than Python, where the community has largely ignored PyPy.

Meanwhile Ruby has had MacRuby from Apple, later canceled, but the main developers went out creating RubyMotion.

Sun toyed with JRuby, it was even officially supported on Netbeans, then Red-Hat supported the project for a while. It was also one of the first dynamic languages on GraalVM, with TruffleRuby. GraalPy effort only came a couple of years later, and is still on baby steps.

As of 2025, the refernce implementation counts with YJIT, MJIT, TenderJIT, and MRuby 4 brings ZJIT to the party.

Exchanging Lisp for Python we went backwards in regards to performance in dynamic languages, in a distopian world where C, C++, Fortran libraries are "Python" libraries.

Nope they are bindings, and any language with FFI can have bindings to those same libraries, e.g. PyTorch can also be used in straight C++, or from Java.

mistrial9 15 hours ago | parent [-]

Python community -- meet Schrödinger's cat

BoingBoomTschak 19 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Without s-exprs nor macros? Without reader? With its stupid statement/expression divide?

...Right.

pjmlp 18 hours ago | parent [-]

There is a good compromise with reflection, attributes, metaclasses, one line lambdas, comprehensions

Now the lack of machine code generation for something Lisp was doing in the 1960's, Smalltalk in the 1980's, SELF in 1990's, and having to fall back on C, C++ and Fortran is bonkers.

Thankfully this is finally becoming a priority for those willing to sponsor the effort, and kudos to those making it happen.

I would rather use Common Lisp, in something like Allegro, but I will hardly find such a job, thus only arguing about language features doesn't take us that far.

vrighter 12 hours ago | parent [-]

a lambda that forces you to define a function elsewhere if you want to do anything nontrivial in it defeats the purpose

PaulHoule 4 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

PEP 686 makes me smile

https://peps.python.org/pep-0686/

lucb1e 18 hours ago | parent [-]

"PEP 686 – Make UTF-8 mode default" for anyone else wondering

wdroz a day ago | parent | prev | next [-]

In the improved error message [0] how are they able to tell nested attributes without having a big impact in performance? Or maybe this has a big impact on performance, then using exceptions for control flow is deprecated?

    ...
    print(container.area)
> AttributeError: 'Container' object has no attribute 'area'. Did you mean: 'inner.area'?

[0] -- https://docs.python.org/3.15/whatsnew/3.15.html#improved-err...

edflsafoiewq 21 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Here's the relevant diff: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/137968/files#diff-966...

Search is limited to 20 attributes and non-descriptors only to avoid arbitrary code execution.

I assume constructing AttributeErrors isn't highly performance sensitive.

dotancohen 18 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

  > using exceptions for control flow is deprecated?
Exceptions are for the exceptional cases - the ones that mean normal operations are being suspended and error messages are being generated. Don't use them for control flow.
mort96 18 hours ago | parent | next [-]

In Python, an iterator raises a StopIteration exception to indicate to the for loop that the iterator is done iterating.

In Python, the VM raises a KeyboardInterrupt exception when the user hits ctrl+c in order to unwind the stack, run cleanup code and eventually exit the program.

Python is a quite heavy user of exceptions for control flow.

Hendrikto 18 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Typically yes, but not in Python. In Python it is quite common and accepted, and sometimes even recommended as Pythonic to use exceptions for control flow. See iterators, for example.

I really dislike this too, but that’s how it is.

IshKebab 21 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Using exceptions for flow control has always been a bad idea, despite what they might have said. Perhaps they are generating that message lazily though?

On the other hand it's not like Python really cares about performance....

formerly_proven 19 hours ago | parent | next [-]

All iterators in Python use exceptions for flow control, as do all context managers for the abort/rollback case, and it is generally considered Pythonic to use single-indexing (EAFP) instead of check-then-get (LBYL) - generally with indexing and KeyError though and less commonly with attribute access and AttributeError.

[heavy green check mark]

    try:
        data = collection['key']
    except KeyError:
        data = ..try something else..
[red x]

    if 'key' in collection:
         data = collection['key']
    else:
         data = ..try something else..
The latter form also has the genuine disadvantage that nothing ensures the two keys are the same. I've seen typos there somewhat often in code reviews.
sevensor 16 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Last time I measured it, handling KeyError was also significantly faster than checking with “key in collection.” Also, as I was surprised to discover, Python threads are preemptively scheduled, GIL notwithstanding, so it’s possible for the key to be gone from the dictionary by the time you use it, even if it was there when you checked it. Although if you’re creating a situation where this is a problem, you probably have bigger issues.

agumonkey 19 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I thought I knew enough about python culture but TIL

https://realpython.com/python-lbyl-vs-eafp/#errors-and-excep...

andy99 16 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

to me something like

  for key in possible_keys:
    if key in collection:
      ...
is fine and isn’t subject to your disadvantage.
IshKebab 19 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

You should do normally do

    data = collection.get("key")
    if data is not None:
         ...
    else:
         ....
japhyr 18 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Wouldn't this be a little cleaner?

    data = collection.get("key")
    if data:
        ...
    else:
        ...
pansa2 18 hours ago | parent | next [-]

If valid `data` can be zero, an empty string, or anything else “falsy”, then your version won’t handle those values correctly. It treats them the same as `None`, i.e. not found.

japhyr 18 hours ago | parent [-]

:facepalm:

blackbear_ 17 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

No, this would crash with numpy arrays, pandas series and such, with a ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous.

Shish2k 18 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

That behaves differently (eg if collection["key"] = 0)

IshKebab 16 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

No, truthiness (implicit bool coercion) is another thing you should avoid. This will do weird things if data is a string or a list or whatever.

tayo42 18 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

it depends on what's in the if blocks

echoangle 17 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

The value in the collection could be the actual value None, that’s different from the collection not having the key.

eesmith 16 hours ago | parent | next [-]

    missing = object()
    data = collection.get("key", missing)
    if data is missing:
         ...
    else:
         ....
IshKebab 16 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

That's why I said "normally".

amluto 21 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

I would like to introduce you to StopIteration.

nemetroid 17 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The new profiling.sampling module looks very neat, but I don't see any way to enable/disable the profiler from code. This greatly limits the usefulness, as I am often in control of the code itself but not how it is launched.

edflsafoiewq a day ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Can definitely think of some places I should use bytearray.take_bytes.

ruuda a day ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> Python now uses UTF-8 as the default encoding, independent of the system’s environment.

Nice, not specifying the encoding is one of the most common issues I need to point out in code reviews.

franga2000 a day ago | parent | next [-]

You mean the coding= comment? Where are you shipping your code that that was actually a problem? I've never been on a project where we did that, let alone needed it.

KORraN 21 hours ago | parent [-]

The comment you mention applies to source code encoding and it's obsolete for Python 3 since the beginning. This is about something else: https://docs.python.org/3.15/whatsnew/3.15.html#whatsnew315-...

franga2000 20 hours ago | parent [-]

Makes sense, my bad, but even that is something I've never seen. I guess this is mostly a Windows thing? I've luckily never had the misfortune of having to deploy Python code on Windows.

joshribakoff a day ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Have you considered reducing review noise by using static analysis?

KK7NIL a day ago | parent [-]

Yep, ruff has a warning for this exact issue.

IshKebab 21 hours ago | parent [-]

Pylint has had it too for at least a decade.

simon04 19 hours ago | parent [-]

Ruff's rule is derived from Pylint: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unspecified-encoding/

formerly_proven a day ago | parent | prev [-]

encode()/decode() have used UTF-8 as the default since Python 3.2 (soon, 15 years ago). This is about the default encoding for e.g. the "encoding" parameter of open().

testdelacc1 19 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Worth mentioning that this is the documentation of 3.15 alpha 3. I feel like we’re better waiting for a release candidate or the final version before posting this page, in case there are any changes. Most people reading this are going to assume it’s final.

stabbles a day ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> On POSIX platforms, platlib directories will be created if needed when creating virtual environments, instead of using lib64 -> lib symlink. This means purelib and platlib of virtual environments no longer share the same lib directory on platforms where sys.platlibdir is not equal to lib.

Sigh. Why can't they just be the same in virtual environments. Who cares about lib64 in a venv? Just another useless search path.

vb-8448 19 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

what about making python 5x faster(faster-cpython project)?

pansa2 19 hours ago | parent [-]

> faster-cpython project

Seems to have died the same death as Unladen Swallow, Pyston, etc:

https://discuss.python.org/t/community-stewardship-of-faster...

kenjin4096 19 hours ago | parent [-]

I'm the author of the thread you linked. Community stewardship is actually happening in some form or another now.

3.15 has some JIT upgrades that are in-progress. This has a non-exhaustive list of them https://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/3.15.html#upgraded-jit-...

amelius 19 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Cool, now I just have to wait until my dependencies support this version.

lucb1e 18 hours ago | parent [-]

Doesn't look to me like much got removed that was commonly used. What dependencies do you use that wouldn't automatically work on this version?

regularfry 17 hours ago | parent [-]

It's not that uncommon for libraries to declare an overly strict maximum version, even if the code would actually work, because they can't know that at time of setting the version constraint.

lucb1e 17 hours ago | parent [-]

Who'd want to be sure it fully breaks with an update instead of having a small chance (a part of) it breaks with an update?!

regularfry 10 hours ago | parent [-]

The people who are currently doing so, presumably.

Erenay09 a day ago | parent | prev [-]

Seeing this reminded me of version 3.14, where π is an infinity expressed through its fractional parts.