So this is a long shot but, as a software engineer lacking in the math department who has slowly been trying to improve calculus and geometry, what are some good resources/requirements to get to a point where I can implement something like that ?

Maybe not exactly what you're looking for, but this video is excellent. And her other video on Splines is also great.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVwxzDHniEw

Pomax's primer on bézier curves is the reference they used: https://pomax.github.io/bezierinfo/

They do a pretty good job introducing the mathematics gently I think. But maybe work backwards from whatever you don't understand?