One underappreciated driver behind these numbers: the running-cost gap keeps widening for anyone who can charge at home. In markets with time-of-use or dynamic spot-priced tariffs (Nordics, Germany, Netherlands), shifting charging into cheap overnight hours brings energy cost down to roughly 1-2 euro-cents/km, versus 10+ for petrol. The picture flips for drivers dependent on public fast charging, where 0.60-0.80 EUR/kWh erases most of the advantage -- which is why adoption tends to track home-charging access more than sticker price. If you are comparing tariffs, simulating your actual load profile against available plans beats headline prices by a wide margin (disclosure: I work on a home-energy tool that does this, energy-iq.app).