We know nothing about their internal models that, for instance, produced revolutionary results in mathematics. The public no longer gets to see what’s at the frontier, and we may never see much of it. Also, the cost to train these is immense. China literally does not have enough chips in circulation to compete. I’m not sure where US lab capabilities tap out but I suspect they are at least partly bound by GPU production as well at this point.

We know that if this immense cost had in fact been spent, and the internal models really were that revolutionary, these companies would be selling access to it for cash instead of taking on mountains of debt.

We definitely know that.