One uncommonly used feature of H.264 is support for lossless video. It's a bit hard to use due to tooling (not easy to discover and select the feature), and is sometimes incompatible with web browsers, but you can get actual lossless video using a mainstream video codec. You can verify that it really is lossless, and doesn't have any conversion step where it's quantized to 8-bit YUV.

"x264vfw" is one tool which supports this format, even inside of an AVI file. So older software that uses Video For Windows can create those files.