In-class exams, either written or oral. If you don't do homework, it is only on you. And with paper and pen, the next semester, yes.

> If you don't do homework, it is only on you.

The issue with this policy is hyperbolic discounting — students are fine choosing not to do homework when the consequences (EDIT: that is, doing poorly on the exam) are still in the future, but less so when they become present.

Then they lash out at the instructor, even if it’s really their fault.

In high school math ,we usually had a stanupin the beginning of every lesson. Basically th entire class on their feet answering rapid fire questions from the teacher , usually some stuff that had been taught in the previous lesson. No calculator/notes just doing math in your head to get to sit down and start the class. Gnereally sucked when we were going through it , looking back though made digesting the material easier as you had to know, not just cram or hope for a calc or scrap paper to caluclate with.

So basically a oral pop quiz for math. i think could work well to complement homeworks by making sure the material as taught is actually inside the students heads.

That is not the point of the article, though. He posits AI will just do better than humans soon, and he no longer knows whether people should even study math (from the article). So the point is that pursuing those studies is no longer useful; how or whether you grade is irrelevant at that point. (To be clear, I am not defending the statement, just explaining what I understood.)

this is what I had to do in Italian university and we often had to do both written AND oral exams.