I can't believe I have to write this out in this thread of all places but there is a way to do this.
You make sure www-data CANNOT write ANYWHERE on disk. Not /tmp/ Not to /var/www/. No where.
Then make sure your sudoers has nothing weird in it.
Finally disable www-data's ability to run basically anything that isn't required for the operation of your httpd or php-fpm et al.
You then harden it further and further until an RCE does not matter because it's incapable of doing anything.
tldr always treat httpd as untrusted.