Fortran invented array-based programming, which arguably numpy advanced and now Julia finally perfected

Fortran had arrays since the beginning, but it wasn't really for "array-based programming" except in a trivial sense, since expressions could not produce arrays. APL is the language that invented first-class arrays, and is far more advanced at it than most of its successors, particularly including NumPy.

Modern Fortran has pretty serviceable support for array programming.