But the bulbs cost 10x what incandescents did, and in practice don't last much longer. That normally isn't included in the calculations.

Here's a 100W-equivalent bulb: https://www.ikea.com/ie/en/p/solhetta-led-bulb-e27-1521-lume...

It costs 6 euro. I'm _fairly_ sure that incandescent 100Ws didn't cost six cents. I bought a few of these (actually a cheaper non-dimmable model which is no longer on Ikea's confusing website, from a cursory search) in 2016, when I moved. They're still working fine.

Whereas incandescents failed _all the time_.

In the 90s I’d change bulbs all the time - about once a month. I don’t remember the last time I changed a bulb. I don’t think my teenager has ever had the opportunity to.

I have a bunch of third generation Philips Hue bulbs, from around 2016. They weren't cheap. But I've had them all this time, and I brought them along when I moved house.

Haven't burnt out a single bulb yet.

I understand that this has caused some challenges for the Philips Hue division. They had extremely satisfied customers but not many repeat buys.

Depending on the quality you can get a LED bulb ranging from 1 euro to 5 for the best one. The incandescent bulbs did not cost much lower, and adjusted for inflation, did cost almost the same, but you had to replace them much more often.