What india and brazil have is more equivalent to Zelle in the US, not visa/mastercard. There's no viable chargeback, no international interoperability and no fraud protections.

Chargebacks and fraud protection are largely needed in the credit/debit card system because you go around handing people the key to your safe to merchants and ask them to take whatever they want. And pinky promise not to share the key with anyone else.

Once you have sane system like pix or upi, there is far less need for chargebacks and frauds.