No real advantage over Neural Nets here; backprop matmuls can be calculated layer by layer so you can chunk backprop across different machines. The real advantage comes from energy savings, you require no global co-ordination

Imagine we did that, split up a model layers as A->B->C. C will need to wait for B to compute a forward pass, which is waiting for A to compute its forward pass. To compute the forward pass, B needs all of the outputs from A, which is an upload and a download (maybe these can be done concurrently).

Then A waits for B to compute its backwards pass, which is waiting for C to do the same thing. Again you are sending around potentially gigabytes of data.

This is in contrast to mining bitcoins for example which doesn’t require any coordination from miners because their work is completely independent, and the answer is very small compared to the work needed to get it.