Also has the "advantage" of being slightly more biologically plausible as the optimization happens locally rather than globally.

That idea was taken further by N'dri et al in PCL, in which "activation energy" was minimized as well, and inhibitory neurons added https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-64234-z.pdf

While trying to find the link for that I stumbled upon

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.12732

Which also looks pretty interesting