AFAIK, a lot of the Ericsson and Nokia patents are legacy. Companies still need to license them, but they're not targeted at the latest generation of 5G polar codes, MIMO OFDM implementations, etc. Not sure about Samsung.

Qualcomm does more than 5 billion a year in patent licensing revenue. It's a licensing behemoth.

I think Nokia would probably disagree. I'd guess a large part of their $6B research budget goes on 5g and 6g related tech.

> Nokia reaches 7,000 patent families declared as essential to 5G

https://www.nokia.com/newsroom/nokia-reaches-7000-patent-fam...