Apple Passes are a feature built into Apple Wallet, which is iOS/watchOS/Safari-only. Google has their own version in Google Wallet that runs on Android (and only Android with Google Play Services if I recall correctly). Samsung has a version too and there are many others. I believe they all operate off .pkpass files.

Apple Pass Designer is just a tool for customizing what the passes a business is giving to its iOS customers looks like. It's macOS-only (Apple barely supports anything not-Apple). I assume the customizations won't translate to other apps unless those apps add support, but the passes should still work.