none of the above. a single vm started by systemd-vmspawn which then starts one or more containers for your instances using systemd-nspawn. It ends up being fast and lightweight.

Oh cool thanks for the info!

It's an interesting project.

Are these systemd containers comparable to lxc containers or better maybe?

This could be a really interesting alternative to fully featured LXC containers.

Ubuntu has a similar cli tool you probably know about called multi-pass but it just spins up Ubuntu distros.

The issue I had with multipass was how difficult it was to access and backup files, I guess it was meant for more of a disposable container.