> Amendment 10 [...] at the same time [...] says that the states can't infringe upon the right to bear arms either.

Uh, no. Just... no. Perhaps you've mixed-up the 10th and 14th, which occurred about a century later.

The 10th does the exact opposite of limiting state power, it says states continue to have all powers they didn't specifically give up by joining. It sets the default for when there's ambiguity, and it sets it in favor of not-the-feds.

> The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.