On macOS you can also assign a keyboard shortcut to any tool menu the app exposes. This works without the app knowing about it.

I'm slightly aware of that, but I'm not sure how this works in real life where almost half of the "native" applications in macOS are Electron apps.

I’m a Mac dude through and through but its shortcuts don’t hold a candle to windows alt shortcuts. Alt shortcuts are progressively revealed to the user and the entire UI is operable without having to memorize a series of hand cramping shortcuts.