> There is major regulation in place already. EU's Digital Markets Act forces these OS gatekeepers to allow alternative app stores

So does that mean:

1. People in the EU can continue to use F-Droid etc. exactly as they have in the past, permanently? No Google verification of developers needed? 2. People are free to install apps from any APK they choose?

Yes. Even beyond that, people outside the EU are free to install apps from any APK they choose.