Well I did not read the article, but here is what I think.

In the old days on an old 16 bit UNIX, I had to execute unlink to delete a file.

So I would say the inode # will be removed from the directory entry, leaving the file in place. So the program will continue on happily. On Linux, I think it depends on the file system. But I think it will continue until the file is overwritten. If the file is closed and re-opened after rm(1), the program will fail.

EDIT: I took the quiz. But I have to wonder if on a fs like zfs/btfs something different will happen.