Have we arrived at the conclusion that terms like "understanding" and "interpretation" for what is happening is appropriate?

Isn't it simply that there are two competing goals that the LLM received RL for, honesty on one hand (a goal that is often assumed as implicit for humans) and producing a solution that meets expectations (which doesn't technically require honesty)?

So the LLM didn't read and interpret the prompt and decide via discussion to violate ethical behavior, the unethical result merely won out because ethics wasn't a hard requirement (and one that isn't reliably detected in the result). An LLM doesn't fear punishment, so ethical behavior is simply one of many positive signals that were trained into it.

> Have we arrived at the conclusion that terms like "understanding" and "interpretation" for what is happening is appropriate?

I don't think those words have a useful enough definition to draw a strict line around them to be honest, and getting into that seems to get massively into the weeds. For me, those neatly encapsulate the behaviour as seen, to answer the questions here about what happened. The models did not seem to be confused as to what the goal was or what the intent was. They did not hack HF because they were told to.