The GPUs and the people (I imagine you mean the extremely well paid researchers) are there because of the funding. The funding is in the US now, but as TFA explicitly says, the law would reduce spending on AI training. All the money will still be available, which means the funding will either a) move to a different sector or (more likely) b) move to a different country. Taking the people and the GPUs with it. So yes, most training will move offshore. Secondarily, OSS business models are based on the fact that the developer is the most qualified in offering support. With models, anyone with the weights can serve the model with the same performance (meaning level of "intelligence") as the original developer. Any business model depends entirely on spending huge amounts of money in training to then hopefully gain from inference. If anyone can compete on inference the same day you deploy the model, it's unlikely you can break even while your competitors that saved on training get rich on inference. i.e. it's more likely to entirely stop training in the US rather than slowing it down...

> move to a different country.

which other country? who's got this "dump all your money on speculation" like the US does? whis got the slack electric capacity? the ability to buy US GPUs and build datacenters?

who is their customers?