Mostly unrelated, but I (mostly Copilot) spent some time re-authoring a software stack of HUB75 displays in our office with rotating pixel art. A previous team set them up on a overly-complex stack that relied on a bunch of services that haven't existed for years, getting them stuck in place for the last few years.

While I found the hardware pretty simple, HUB75 displays seem _very_ picky about over-volting. The setup is basically a simple controller (such as ESP32-Trinity) plugged directly into one HUB75 (potentially chained to a few more).

When running off of USB power it pulls the voltage down to ~4.7v and the image looks great. When running off our junky Amazon 5v barrel connectors the image gets all sorts of artifacting. Quite frustrating!

Anyhow, I can't recommend HUB75 displays enough. Toss some retro pixel art on there and it is such a nice little picture frame sized treat!

I suspect you can fix that by adding a level shifter between the display and the ESP32. Input voltage thresholds are relative to the voltage rail, which is why reducing the display's voltage relative to the ESP32's (3.3v) outputs make it able to read the data.