> Based on polling, the most salient issues seem to reflect economic anxieties. Even stances on immigration are really about that.

Meh, the economic anxiety voters are systematically voting for economically worst performing parties. They may say "it is economy" in polls, but it is hardly believable.

The difference between men and women in voting patterns is not about economy.

Average voters don't understand much about the economy, but that doesn't mean they aren't reacting to externalities like housing costs, prices, or other worse outcomes.