Ideally, but this is not at all taught or incentivized in (American) schools. We're taught to "hack it" which means getting to a solution without much regard for how we got there.

I have a bachelor's and masters in engineering and was never taught to "hack it" without regard for how a solution is reached.

Documenting and analyzing your solution is an extremely important part of managing risk, which is what engineers actually do.

Even if engineers were uniquely capable in this regard it still wouldn't equip them to solve problems in fields where they lack domain expertise.