The deficit fell dramatically 2009-2015.
But the debt rose
https://s.abcnews.com/images/US/NationalDebt_v02_DP_16843391...
Yes, that's what a deficit does until it becomes a surplus. Debt cannot go down until the deficit is gone.
Technically yes, but you can clearly see the growth slow to essentially zero during part of the late Clinton years in that chart.