Sure. The most straightforward example would be utilities in much of the US. Companies like PG&E are literally granted a monopoly in a region.

Another example would be epipens. There is a competitor, but unlike most drugs, if the doctor prescribes you an epipen, the pharmacy can't give you a generic substitute, it must be name brand.

Tesla is being heavily protected from Chinese competitors by US auto tariffs.

Credit Ratings agencies (in large part responsible for 2008 crash) have direct government granted status.

Taxi medallions, Jones act, sugar tariffs.

These are the ones that come to mind right away, but there's a whole slew of stuff- any regulation that's easier for a big business to comply with than a small competitor, for example. Even worse if the big business manages to influence the regulation to enhance this effect. Personally I'd guess Boeing is an example of this; yes, aviation does have high capital costs but I suspect that FAA regulation + Boeing cozy relationship makes it much harder for new entrants. Of course, this isn't to say the FAA regulation isn't helpful or doesn't improve air safety, just that it also has this effect.