> Make them study themselves? How do judges get informed on topics they attempt to pass judgement on?

They get expert witnesses. They certainly don't "do their own research"

That isn't entirely accurate. They at least need enough domain knowledge to tell if an expert witnesses is bullshitting them. Or to understand the jargon being used.

Exhibit A: https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/19/16503076/oracle-vs-googl...