> Is an utterly irrelevant comparison. For physical thing we have engineering, and the practical application of the trades and craft, trial and error. > > For modern medicine, we're only just starting to come out of the wild west era. Or perhaps slightly further along than that.

I don't think its irrelevant, but a better comparison would be to what vacuum tube development looked like before we understood electrons. There were some very whacky designs and most of them didn't work for crap.

And, yeah, I would argue that PCR shifted us from the alchemy phase of biology to the science phase and now mRNA has shifted us from the science phase of biology to t he engineering phase of biology. We're just getting started.