I ran my own self-hosted email server from 2008-ish to 2018, and I would highly recommend against doing it! Especially when Fastmail and Proton are so cheap.

I was running Postfix+Dovecot+Seive+SpamAssassin+Fail2ban+certbot+spf+dkim+reverse-ip+<other random crap>

It worked! Receiving email was overall pretty easy. I know I also did things the "hard way" by ad-hoccing all that together, and today there are a lot more out-of-the-box solutions that do all that for you. But still. Being a full-time email administrator is a job I will never do again unless I'm getting paid for it.

You know what really sucked? Deliverability. Frequently, emails I would send would just ... vanish ... no warnings, no errors, no failures. From my end, everything was perfect. Until days later, people would follow up with me and say, "Are you going to send that email?" ...

I had a business IP (Comcast Business). The IP address was clean, not black listed anywhere, not on SORBS or other lists. Still, successfully delivering an email was like 50/50, with no way to confirm the other party actually got it.

I cheat for deliverability: route the problematic destinations (I'm looking at you, Outlook) through Amazon SES. At a few cents for five-figure numbers of emails, it's as close to free for personal/vanity email quantities as it gets to have someone whose full time job it is to make sure outgoing mail stays deliverable on your side while still keeping everything else under your control.

That’s something I have hard time explaining to the business.

Yea we do all the best practices but still no one can guarantee 100% deliveries. Just not possible for e-mail.

Yes we can have 100% over a year but after that it still is a lottery, can’t say anything about future not having suddenly 40% not delivered

I take a middle path. Self-host receiving mail, and use smtp2go.com for outgoing

I have had my own e-mail server since 2017, and there is only one instance where I know I had a delivery problem, and in that case it was funny, because I wrote to two people who had the same e-mail server, and one got the e-mail the other did not. So probably a SPAM issue, but certainly nothing my e-mail server could have done better...

AFAIK, that case in 2019 was the only time an e-mail went missing.

This seems to depend so much on the IP address space one is in. I have never experienced deliverability issues after the first year–and that's since the 2010s iirc. The first year I had to ask several friends to send me emails first, or dig out my email from spam and reply to it. After that it worked flawlessly for Gmail, which was hit-or-miss before. A single ISP I had to write to manually–the person responding to my mail explained that they blocked emails from my hoster's IP range wholesale but made an exception for my IP explicitly.

Never had any issues since then, though I did have to adjust to new standards such as DKIM, DMARC, SPF etc. over the years.

I think the timeline is critical here and should be highlighted. Self hosting email server was something that worked out just fine in the past (used to host until 2014), however things have changed a lot with the scale of abuse. its not worth it unless you are doing it as a business. Sending a email from your home IP to big email providers with reliability is next to impossible. Even if we discount the spam management,

1. IP reputation is a big deal, its not just about not being on some blocklist, call it a cartel at this point, its about being on the allow list for other mail providers

2. Keeping it reputable is a continuous effort

you can check your delivery rate with services there are lots that are free to check and they also offer to "warm" your reputation. I have not done that yet (money!) and outside this:

- Outlook.com consumer mail addresses

you can still get >99% delivery rate if you have spf, dkim and all the new cool stuff.

So no, please DO NOT recommend against doing it because ONLY if mail stays a decentralized service providers will stay forced to not blacklist everything but other large providers.

Will second this, as someone that took the same path. Alternatives like Fastmail are so, so cheap when compared to the headache of building, maintaining, and troubleshooting a DIY stack. For something as fundamental as email you really want to choose the solution that gives you NO problems, rather than some solvable but troublesome problems at regular intervals.

Just too critical of a component in most people's lives to accept any level of unknowns in.