Why would liquor be absorbed faster than beer given the same route (drinking)?

Fick’s Law. The rate of absorption is proportional to the concentration gradient.

It's easier to drink more units of alcohol faster when it's more concentrated, and not full of bubbles.

I don't think its so much that it's absorbed faster than it's just physically possible to drink 200 ml of liquor faster than it is to drink 1600ml of beer.