If you saw TFA and thought "hmmm yes, I know some of those words", then I can recommend the author's own lecture series on YouTube [0]. It's an intro to and overview of category theory aimed at programmers, with the requisite context and motivation for why anyone should care. It's long but worth the time investment IMHO.

0: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbgaMIhjbmEnaH_LTkxLI7...

He also has an excellent online/PDF version of the material[0]. All of it is really mind opening stuff, and fun!

[0] https://bartoszmilewski.com/2014/10/28/category-theory-for-p...