In France, it is somewhat more complicated.

The title "ingénieur" is not regulated, it is a job title and anyone can have it if the position calls for it.

What is regulated however is the engineering degree ("diplôme d'ingénieur"), only some schools recognized by the state ("grandes écoles") can deliver it. It gives you the right to call yourself "ingénieur diplômé". Internationally, it counts as a masters degree.

As far as I know, it is a french system with no equivalent in other countries, and I don't know of any foreign school, even among the most prestigious that can deliver a "diplôme d'ingénieur".

Administratively, regulated professions (including doctors, lawyers, architects, etc... but not engineers in general) are regulated by the ministry of work, while the engineering degree is regulated by the ministry of education.

I am well aware of all that because my school (EPITA) went through the process of getting approval from the "Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur" while I was studying there so it was a pretty hot topic. The result is that I don't have a "diplôme d'ingénieur" (but I have a "degree in engineering", equivalent to a regular masters degree, love the play on words) but the next promotions do. My job title is still "engineer" in any case.