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embedding-shape 6 hours ago

> researchers were unable to account for several potential confounding factors including the duration and amount of cannabis use or the use of tobacco or other drugs.

Personally I'd wager a bet it's the tobacco and/or smoking that is the harmful part, but it kind of dumbfounds me they failed to account for "details" like "duration and amount of cannabis use", that feels like a very vital thing to control for. Nothing is good for you in too great amounts, even water, so not taking that into account seems to not really give reliable and trustworthy results.

graeme an hour ago | parent | next [-]

The physical act of smoking itself is harmful. Not just tobacco specifically, burning and inhaling anything.

Dan_- 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Exactly. Being unable to account for this covariate (tobacco use) pretty much invalidates this analysis. The odds ratio for tobacco use is basically the same (3x).

Also, title needs a 2025.

mil22 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

This article refers to two studies. The retrospective study of 4.6 million people did account for tobacco use.

> The findings are from a retrospective study of over 4.6 million people published in JACC Advances and a meta-analysis of 12 previously published studies being presented at the American College of Cardiology's Annual Scientific Session (ACC.25).

> Kamel and his team conducted the retrospective study using data from TriNetX, a global health research network that provides access to electronic medical records. Their findings indicate that over an average follow-up of over three years, cannabis users had more than a sixfold increased risk of heart attack, fourfold increased risk of ischemic stroke, twofold increased risk of heart failure and threefold increased risk of cardiovascular death, heart attack or stroke. All study participants were younger than age 50 and free of significant cardiovascular comorbidities at baseline, with blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels within a healthy range and no diabetes, tobacco use or prior coronary artery disease.

chuckadams 4 hours ago | parent [-]

I know you can't judge a study by its abstract, but they don't even mention the dosing mechanism, it's just "cannabis use".

mil22 4 hours ago | parent [-]

That's not really a fair standard by which to judge the study, abstract or not. The dosing mechanism information was not present in the underlying dataset available to them:

> This retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX health research network, which aggregates deidentified electronic medical records from health care organizations worldwide.

> 1) The cannabis-user group with cannabis use diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision: F12.1, F12.9, F12.90).

You can't expect them to work miracles and come up with data they didn't have. They produced a valuable piece of research furthering our understanding of the cardiovascular risks of cannabis use based on a very large existing dataset that was available to them.

Of course they would love to be able to answer the question of whether smoking is worse for your heart than edibles and so on, and they stated they would like to do this in a future study. But that costs time and money to create an entirely new dataset, and you know what funding for science is like these days.

There's plenty of other evidence in the literature on the cardiovascular effects of THC if you want to see what our current understanding is there. TL;DR: smoking is worse than vaping or edibles; myocardial infarction risk spikes within the first few hours of using cannabis; but the risks are not limited to inhalation because THC itself has physiological effects that raise cardiovascular risk factors (increased heart rate, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation raising clotting risk, inflammation and oxidative stress, etc.).

brookst 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Did they though? Not accounting for confounding factors like “other drugs” seems to indicate it’s not about the risks of cannabis use so much as the risks from all sources that the average cannabis user faces. Using only cannabis might have zero impact or even be beneficial based on this evidence (if you hypothesize that most of the negative outcomes were cannabis+cocaine users, for instance).

Still good data, but I don’t think it’s predictive for what cannabis use leads to (unless you assume that taking up cannabis makes you proportionately more likely to also take up whatever the confounding factors were).

Spooky23 an hour ago | parent | next [-]

With a metastudy based on EMR data, I’d only use this to advocate for studying the issue further.

Information like this get collected at a point in time and never goes away. People have EMR fatigue and click though the questions. Anecdotal point, several years ago I accidentally stated that I drank enough to be considered a severe alcoholic. Even after correcting it at my next visit, it never really goes away, I get asked lifestyle questions relating to alcoholism.

Similarly advocacy against drunk driving, a noble cause, juiced up the stats. If you run over and injure a guy on the sidewalk carrying a sealed bottle of liquor, it will be labeled “alcohol related” more often than not based on officer discretion. If it’s fatal, the autopsy will take that conclusion if any party has a 0.01 BAC.

mil22 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

They didn't find that cannabis use leads to cardiovascular disease. They found a strong association between cannabis use and cardiovascular disease in a very large study. Correlation isn't causation. The study itself acknowledges that. That doesn't mean it's an invalid or useless study that didn't add to the body of scientific knowledge and evidence about the relationship between cannabis use and cardiovascular disease - I think we agree there. That's how science works. Observational studies do not definitively prove causality.

After reading the study, should we update our posterior on the hypothesis that cannabis use causes cardiovascular disease to nudge it in the direction that it does? Yes - that's just Bayes' theorem. Does the probability go to 95%+? No, of course not; I'm not claiming otherwise. It's still useful research.

Also, worth noting that MI risk spikes several-fold within the first hour after cannabis use (and that's not caused by cocaine).

detourdog 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Not to mention cocaine.

xprnio 3 hours ago | parent [-]

The cannabis to cocaine pipeline sadly is real, whether we want to or not. As long as the same people we buy our weed from also have a chance of being the people that have cocaine for you to buy, all that’s left to figure out is the money and the willingness to buy some.

(Sadly speaking from experience)

BunsanSpace an hour ago | parent | next [-]

No.

Cannabis is a multi purpose drug, cocaine is party drug and/or a "I haven't slept, don't want the 8 hour+ commitment of speed, but need to stay awake" drug.

The overlap of pot users and cocaine users is rather small in my anecdotal experience.

bushwart 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Legal cannabis sends its greetings, if you're lucky enough to live in a country where you can acquire it without having make any shady acquaintances.

jgerrish 30 minutes ago | parent [-]

Especially if medical prescriptions for it aren't necessary.

Confounding migraines for weed prescriptions and very real stroke risk and a desire for low THC marijuana isn't going to be a happy show I want to go through watching that happen to friends.

It makes a mockery of real medical issues.

Doctors and health care should be involved in drug use and advising patients, maybe even clean supplies or other things.

But we got the ACA of public health options with medical marijuana. And I want to remember Obama and others for inspiring us, not hacks.

A lot of people won't be believed in time.

Thraway198 an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I have smoked cannabis for 20 years and I have never known anyone fall into the "cannabis-to-cocaine pipeline."

Everyone I knew who developed coke problems had drinking problems first. Bar none.

calmworm 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

This is odd to me. The X to Y pipeline is real if A, B, and C also align. It’s a weak correlation that sounds a lot like the “gateway drug” propaganda.

goodroot 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

That's interesting and probably an argument for pro-legalization.

Were I to pick a gateway drug into cocaine, it would be alcohol. It becomes a way to infuse more energy in a later night, which is usually one of alcoholic revelry.

When cannabis is just in a store and it's the only thing there, many potheads just stay in the pothead bubble.

sscaryterry 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Exactly, alcohol IMHO affects judgment significantly worse than cannabis.

Thraway198 an hour ago | parent [-]

AND its a heavy party drug, which cannabis is notoriously not

nephihaha 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

I am aware of someone who does both, because I overheard someone discussing it with him. Cannabis will retain a black market when it becomes a government cash cow.

PaulHoule an hour ago | parent | next [-]

Back in college I had a friend find a new dealer who he thought was pretty cool until he tossed out a rock in the middle of a pot deal, my friend never went back.

Myself I have been involved with weed a long time and never seen cocaine though my son did go into town one night and lock himself out of his car and have an experience we call "the night of the living baseheads."

The best drug dealer at my old school was a guy who would take chances nobody else would; I knew him somebody who dealt weed, psychedelic mushrooms and acid to my friends although I was persona-non-gratis with him because he was seriously criminally minded and led a gay bashing gang that mostly bashed straight people who were perceived as allies [1], although it took just one snarky comment (my case) or advising somebody being shot at with a paint pellet gun to see the police (the popular president of the paint pellet gun club.)

He eventually got caught bashing in an RA in the face with a rock shot with one of those rubber band catapults people use to shoot water balloons at the beach. He was banned from campus but I saw him once when he was dropping off a delivery for a friend. My friend later told me that he'd been caught on videotape dealing 3kg of cocaine to an undercover cop and he did time.

That's an unusual case. Except for that guy and the Vietnamese kid who took money and never delivered the weed to my wife when she was in high school, all the pot dealers I knew were basically responsible and law-abiding people who only dealt pot and other soft drugs. Funny somebody dropped a dime on the later.

[1] this was the 1980s during peak AIDS panic and I guess they were afraid if they spilled gay blood they might get AIDS or something

Thraway198 an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

I live in a legalized Marijauna country and there is no black market. The prices in the legal stores are actually lower than the former black market prices.

kranner 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Edible forms of cannabis raise heart rate and blood pressure substantially as well.

johnisgood 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I think this is making the assumption that temporally elevated HR and BP is bad.

goodroot 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Right, the rationale for why saunas and heat stress is good for you is specifically because it raises the heart rate.

retrac 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Hot sauna is often cautioned against for those with existing cardiac or vascular problems, with some reason.

DANmode an hour ago | parent [-]

Exercising or stressing damaged or degenerated tissues = bad

hbcdbff 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Sauna raises HR without increasing blood pressure though (modulo some possible initial short spike at the beginning), because your blood vessels dilate.

iwontberude 2 hours ago | parent [-]

Cannabis causes dilation of blood vessels and elevated HR, it’s the same effect. If you take a big dab you can definitely feel your blood pressure drop and muscles relax even though your heart rate has increased.

kranner 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It's a fair assumption being a known potential cause of death. Of course I'm now assuming death is bad.

kataklasm 3 hours ago | parent [-]

By that argumentation sport is bad and a potential death risk factor, it also elevates heart rate and blood pressure!

literalAardvark 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I think you'd be surprised how often doctors still say that

parineum an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It has substantially more benefit than that risk. Physical exertion also has the added benefit of lowering rest hr and bp.

brookst 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Not to mention art, sex, walking, etc, etc

hallole 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

[flagged]

swed420 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

> lazy pothead

But not all potheads are lazy, and many non-potheads are.

Media tropes sure are great at propagating myths and generating false stigma, which creates a chilling effect for ever correcting the former.

https://thereitis.org/mr-x-by-carl-sagan

Teever 3 hours ago | parent [-]

I find it interesting how many people come out of the wood work to make disparaging comments about people who use cannabis whenever the subject of cannabis use comes up on HN.

Having lived in a country where cannabis has been legal for about a decade now it's quaint seeing this kind of casual disrespect levelled by a stranger.

I wonder if this kind of mindset is still common here and people just don't vocalize it anymore, or if it's the kind of mentality that continued criminalization perpetuates.

newaccountman2 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Tech at some point shifted way too far to the right because the money started attracting the wrong crowd.

2 hours ago | parent [-]
[deleted]
swed420 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> how many people come out of the wood work to make disparaging comments about people who use cannabis

It's actually not even just HN. I've noticed this with many people in real life (US).

It's especially strong with the subset of Boomers who never used it. They make it part of their personality to have not used it, while often fully embracing alcohol and ignoring all of the personal and societal risks it brings. Surely they pass this mentality onto their kids with a 50% success rate.

Maybe it's some kind of inferiority/superiority compensation mechanism for not being a hippy like their rival sibling was, etc.

3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]
[deleted]
zooming 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Weed (as prescribed) gets me and many others moving and active.

There was a deliberate effort to demonize weed in the US as it's associated with mexicans, black people, and counterculture, and it's difficult to monetize if it's legal (anyone can just grow it).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uy_lCjA6poo

Also, there are alternatives to smoking it: use a dry herb vaporizer with no tobacco and you avoid the vast majority of the negative health effects.

dempedempe 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Yeah it raises heart rate and blood pressure bc it dilates your blood vessels. The raised HR/BP are to counter that so you keep pushing the same amount of O2 per unit time.

mil22 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

That's one of the reasons. The primary reason is THC is a partial CB1 receptor agonist - CB1 is abundant in the central and peripheral nervous systems - so it increases sympathetic nervous system activity and norepinephrine, both of which raise heart rate independent of vasodilation.

iwontberude 2 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Dilation lowers blood pressure

topranks 33 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Also all the bad food choices me and my fellow stoners make when we’re high.

xattt 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I tried to look up the source article, but there doesn’t seem to be any mention of consumption of edibles versus smoking.

stego-tech 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I mean, probably? There's definitely a statistical likelihood of folks who use cannabis also using tobacco products or other substances. It's not a "gateway drug" so much as a "anyone who enjoys thing X is likely to try related things" object. I recall those early studies about alcohol in moderation being good for you eventually being debunked as, "actually, folks who could afford alcohol consistently in moderation also ended up being able to afford health insurance and that created the better outcome"; I suspect there's something similar with cannabis when we look retrospectively, given its illegality for so long (users are less likely to seek medical attention for symptoms or precursors to avoid the stigma).

The thing is we don't know without doing more research, which I genuinely appreciate the authors essentially calling out point blank. They're not saying cannabis is bad, they're saying that looking at the thin amount of valid data we have available thus far, there's definitely a correlation there worth investigating further.

4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]
[deleted]
latexr 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> Nothing is good for you in too great amounts, even water

https://youtube.com/watch?v=XewVicFzRxw&t=152s

sscaryterry 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Yep, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose

ngvrnd 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

cf. paracelsus on the dose and the toxin

honeycrispy 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Do you smoke?

embedding-shape 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Literally just wrote about that: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48794178

> I've smoked cannabis daily for maybe 15 years [...] Visited a cardiologist like two months ago and have perfectly fine heart despite the smoking.

projektfu an hour ago | parent | next [-]

That's a weird statement. I don't think I'll ever visit a cardiologist (as a patient) unless I had a suspicion of heart disease. Is it common to get checked out by specialists for no reason in your locale?

embedding-shape an hour ago | parent [-]

Well, I been a cannabis smoker for more than 15 years and not checked my heart once, so made sense to ensure it looked healthy. But then I live in a country (Spain) where healthcare isn't incredibly expensive, something you can do just to make sure nothing is funky wonky. I think is relatively common for people to use the healthcare we available to us, yeah.

projektfu 40 minutes ago | parent [-]

Did you have an echocardiogram?

PaulHoule an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I have been a heavy cannabis user (like that guy in the Bob Marley song who "smokes two joints in the morning, smokes two joints at night") on and off from my mid 20's onward. I've also been a heavy exerciser and have the constellation of symptoms known as "athlete's heart" including an A-Fib diagnosis that I don't really believe [1] as well as concerning findings that may or not really be concerning because doctors don't know to evaluate us. I'm the kind of person who might get told by a doctor to exercise less instead of more!

Mostly it's been smoking, though I've had access to edibles and was lately impressed by cannabis beverages that contain 10mg of THC and some CBD that give an experience competitive to drinking alcohol. I find it easy to not use it if is not around, but once I get into it I will keep using it and quitting is a few days of hell followed by almost forgetting it ever existed. But maybe I get depressed a bit a few months later and think "I will feel better if I use" and then I will use for a few weeks to months, start feeling strung out and quit. Never dabbed, I haven't found a vape I like the way I like smoking but for me it has always been green weed, not extracts. It is legal to grow in NY and I know enough amateur and pro growers who owe me a favor that I rarely have to pay for weed and don't expect to ever go into a dispensary.

I do know that I gain/lose several kg of wait depending on if I am using cannabis. Despite being rather athletic and having a lot of lean muscle mass I have many signs of "metabolic syndrome" including somewhat high blood sugar, blood pressure, etc. [2] I am off cannabis now and just started Zepbound which I am hoping will help with my metabolic syndrome.

[1] once i got into a biosignals hobby and started looking at EEG traces to evaluate heart rate variability where I often can't make out the P wave on a two or three lead ECG, how can you say 20 beats out a million were bad with any accuracy?

[2] with somewhat aggressive pharmacological treatment including high dose fish oil without which my triglycerides would have another 0 on the right; showed up my docs with a sheaf of pubmed abstracts, switched to Montelukast as my asthma controller because it may be cardioprotective whereas my academic advisor and galactic astronomer Edwin Salpeter and his daughter wrote a paper finding LABAs are probably the opposite; my pulmonologist switched me to using a LABA/Steroid inhaler for rescue because a recent study has shown that the holy grail of "just one inhaler" has been attained for a lot of people and the LABA isn't much slower to hit than Albuterol. Also added Nebivolol as a BP med which I think should be more popular than it is.

bushwart an hour ago | parent | next [-]

Have you tried battery-free vapes?

darkerside an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

That song was made popular by Sublime. Not written and never performed by Bob Marley. Great track though!

PaulHoule 8 minutes ago | parent [-]

You're right, Sublime covered

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_Two_Joints

by the Toyes!

Noaidi 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Many people have had cardiologists say they have perfectly fine hearts go on to have heart attacks months later. My brother was one of these people. He was going in for spinal surgery, cardio said his heart was fine. Two weeks after surgery he was short of breath. Turns out he needed a triple bypass.

And that was a physical change. Heart attacks happen because of electrocardiac issues as well.

tyjen 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Information asymmetries are a bane in the medical doctor market.

Trust doctors with a grain of salt. There are many bad doctors that market themselves as good doctors, but are in reality terrible providers.

I recently had a scare, where I was encouraged by two separate general practitioners to seek immediate care with an ophthalmologist. I visited the ophthalmologist who I was referred to and they said everything was great, then booked my next appointment for a year out. Four days later, I started losing vision in my right eye.

After visiting a competent ophthalmologist, they were flabbergasted by what the other did. Ten appointments within 2 weeks later with the new specialist and we're undoing the damage that was easily preventable.

In short, some doctors are borderline DANGEROUS, but it's difficult to distinguish them with the ample legal protections they receive.

Anyhow, hope your brother recovered well.

somenameforme 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

It comes down to the old saying for doctors, "when you hear hoofbeats, think horses, not zebras." Rare and dangerous things often manifest in ways that look really similar to relatively harmless and common things. Go forward with the most probable explanation and you're not only going to be right the overwhelming majority of the time, but also keep costs and stresses down for patients. Only when somebody does show up with a genuinely serious condition (or otherwise had significant red flags) do you jump to zebras.

This is likely even more true in modern times with such high rates of anxiety and other similar disorders paired alongside the internet - there's going to be a lot of hypochondriacs suddenly thinking, and subsequently claiming, that they have every symptom of [something awful].

Doctors have very little in the way of legal protections, but malpractice has to actually be malpractice. A recent study on the topic found that in low risk occupations, 75% of doctors end up getting sued for malpractice over their career, and in high risk it bumps up to 99%. [1] When people don't like the outcome, they sue, but in most cases the outcome was largely unpreventable even with a high standard of care.

[1] - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-doctors-idUSTRE77G5YS2011...

darkerside an hour ago | parent [-]

If zebras cause blindness, perhaps you should consider zebras?

MegaDeKay an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Q: What do you call the person that graduated medical school with the worst grades?

A: Doctor

ngvrnd 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

this is so true. There's huge variability in competence. and many doctors have fled to boutique medical care, or whatever it's called, since the recent changes in healthcare.

DANmode an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> some doctors are borderline DANGEROUS, but it's difficult to distinguish them with

Bingo.

Some medical practitioners were the bottom of the class.

No different than mechanics.

Can’t hero-worship.

Noaidi 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

> After visiting a competent ophthalmologist, they were flabbergasted by what the other did. Ten appointments within 2 weeks later with the new specialist and we're undoing the damage that was easily preventable.

Eeesh...sorry about that. Been there my whole life. It too ten years to get an appointment with a Hematologist and was finally diagnosed with Erythrocytosis which I told them I had but always said my HCT levels were "not really that high". The Hematologist looked at my records and wondered why they did not send me in twenty years ago. I am on Medicare which makes it much more difficult.

> Anyhow, hope your brother recovered well.

My whole family disowned me for no other reason than me having a serious mental illness so I do not care. But thanks.

pipes 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Did you brother have a Coronary Artery Calcium score scan?

Noaidi 3 hours ago | parent [-]

No. This was about ten years ago. But not much has changed as I cannot get CAC score on Medicare even though they wanted to put me on statins. Cardiologist says I am fine. :/

ses1984 3 hours ago | parent [-]

They only cost about $100.

embedding-shape 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Yeah, but I mean what can you do really? Many people have CAT scans then it turns out the technician/whoever missed something, or a surgeon forgets an instrument inside of the patients body, shit happens.

yehosef 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

[flagged]

swed420 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

If people are this concerned about heart health, they'd be wise to continue a zero-covid lifestyle into 2026 and beyond, since each re-infection (which vaccines don't prevent) increases the risk of severe health outcomes, including heart-related issues among lots of others.

Yet I only see about .5-1% of the population in my area these days wearing any kind of mask/N95 respirator in public.

basisword 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Doesn't this apply to colds and flus too?

swed420 3 hours ago | parent [-]

If you look into the effects, they're two separate categories of damage. Also, considering COVID keeps mutating, it's much harder to control.

Anybody curious might consider scanning the sticky posts on /r/zerocovidcommunity for more information and links to external sources.

bogota 13 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

[dead]