It's a welfare economics theory course that requires many frameworks with measures where you are maximizing some graphical representation. It also requires assumptions to work and can be visualized in a model where you can see what happens when one of the assumptions doesn't hold.

For example the old and new Berkeley model to study rent control effect on market prices

I should've been clearer, I meant AI model. If you're referring to financial models, then yeah, that can be a reasonable direction.