"Carl Benedikt Frey at Oxford has documented that the Industrial Revolution took seventy years before wages and employment recovered for the workers it displaced. In the interim, wages stagnated, the labor share of income collapsed, profits surged, inequality skyrocketed, and the political consequences included the Chartist movement and widespread social upheaval."

From half way through this (meandering) blog post:

https://www.owenmcgrann.com/p/the-dead-economy-theory

As for the populism link, that is well established empirically:

https://academic.oup.com/oxrep/article-abstract/34/3/418/504...

https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/12485/we-were-the-robots...

Etc...

Edit: Just found this when looking up sources, I haven't had time to look at it but just dumping it here:

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/c...