I think ATM fees are unrelated to the card type.

My Danish bank imposed a fee on using an ATM from another bank, until my income was high enough to make me a "premium" customer, then these fees were removed. The card didn't change.

I don't know why but my bank offers a VISA debit card and an EC card. I can use the VISA card on every ATM without fees and it doesn't cost me extra. The EC card has extra fees for when I want to get cash with it. I have seen other banks do the same. I think I heard that this is a VISA thing but maybe I'm wrong or misheard.

Similar situation in the US. It's common for banks to abuse their least wealthy customers.