Yes, asking the question does assumes that the answer could be yes. It also assumes that the answer could be no. This is exactly the kind of scientific approach the paper claims we should take. So it's certainly a bit odd that the analysis approach the paper uses for its literature review---to claim that 57% of papers reviewed assume LLMs have anthropomorphic attributes---has "asks whether an LLM has an anthropomorphic attribute" as one of its criteria for concluding "assumes LLMs have anthropomorphic attributes."

You're right that "assumes" might be misleading. Maybe "implies" would be more correct.

The point the author's trying to make is that if we state in a paper something like "the LLM understands, believes, thinks, ..." then we're supposing an intelligence much like our conception of a human intelligence. It's a form of 'begging the question' -- assuming what you're trying to prove.

It is not quite a fair argument, just because we don't have a precise vocabulary around how to talk about the activity of LLMs that doesn't involve making these loose analogies. Except for philosophers and people engaging in this kind of "is it truly intelligent or no" conversation, being imprecise in this way doesn't necessary have any cost, but is just a convenient way to avoid developing a jargon.